Vreede AP, Bockenstedt PL, Knight JS. Antiphospholipid syndrome: an update for clinicians and scientists. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2017;29:458–66.
Knight JS, Kanthi Y. Mechanisms of immunothrombosis and vasculopathy in antiphospholipid syndrome. Semin Immunopathol. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-022-00916-w.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Giannakopoulos B, Krilis SA. The pathogenesis of the antiphospholipid syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:1033–44.
Noureldine MHA, Nour-Eldine W, Khamashta MA, Uthman I. Insights into the diagnosis and pathogenesis of the antiphospholipid syndrome. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2019;48:860–6.
Lackner KJ, Müller-Calleja N. Pathogenesis of antiphospholipid syndrome: recent insights and emerging concepts. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2019;15:199–209.
Sloan E, Wright T, Zuo Y. Identifying additional risk factors for arterial and venous thrombosis among pediatric antiphospholipid antibodies carriers. Lupus. 2021;30:828–32.
Francès C, et al. Dermatologic manifestations of the antiphospholipid syndrome: two hundred consecutive cases. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52:1785–93.
Avcin T, et al. Pediatric antiphospholipid syndrome: clinical and immunologic features of 121 patients in an international registry. Pediatrics. 2008;122:e1100–7.
Leal Rato M, Bandeira M, Romão VC, Aguiar de Sousa D. Neurologic Manifestations of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome - an Update. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2021;21:41.
Kolitz T, Shiber S, Sharabi I, Winder A, Zandman-Goddard G. Cardiac Manifestations of Antiphospholipid Syndrome With Focus on Its Primary Form. Front Immunol. 2019;10:941.
Amigo M-C. What do we know about the cardiac valve lesion in the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)? Lupus. 2014;23:1259–61.
Miyamae T, Kawabe T. Non-criteria manifestations of juvenile antiphospholipid syndrome. J Clin Med. 2021;10(6):1240.
Abreu MM, et al. The relevance of ‘non-criteria’ clinical manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome: 14th international congress on antiphospholipid antibodies technical task force report on antiphospholipid syndrome clinical features. Autoimmun Rev. 2015;14:401–14.
Miyakis S, et al. International consensus statement on an update of the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). J Thromb Haemost. 2006;4:295–306.
Barbhaiya M, et al. Development of a new international antiphospholipid syndrome classification criteria phase i/ii report: generation and reduction of candidate criteria. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2021;73:1490–501.
Zohoury N, et al. Closing the serological gap in the antiphospholipid syndrome: the value of ‘non-criteria’ antiphospholipid antibodies. J Rheumatol. 2017;44:1597–602.
Mekinian A, et al. Non-conventional antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with clinical obstetrical APS: Prevalence and treatment efficacy in pregnancies. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2016;46:232–7.
Truglia S, et al. A monocentric cohort of obstetric seronegative anti-phospholipid syndrome. Front Immunol. 2018;9:1678.
Staub HL, Bertolaccini ML, Khamashta MA. Anti-phosphatidylethanolamine antibody, thromboembolic events and the antiphospholipid syndrome. Autoimmun Rev. 2012;12:230–4.
Korematsu S, Yamada H, Miyahara H, Ihara K. Increased levels of anti-phosphatidylcholine and anti-phosphatidylethanolamine antibodies in pediatric patients with cerebral infarction. Brain Dev. 2017;39:542–6.
Rodríguez-García V, Ioannou Y, Fernández-Nebro A, Isenberg DA, Giles IP. Examining the prevalence of non-criteria anti-phospholipid antibodies in patients with anti-phospholipid syndrome: a systematic review. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015;54:2042–50.
Wigley FM, Flavahan NA. Raynaud’s Phenomenon. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:556–65.
Flavahan NA. A vascular mechanistic approach to understanding Raynaud phenomenon. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2015;11:146–58.
Herrick AL. The pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of Raynaud phenomenon. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2012;8:469–79.
Schrezenmeier E, Dörner T. Mechanisms of action of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine: implications for rheumatology. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2020;16:155–66.
Ben-Zvi I, Kivity S, Langevitz P, Shoenfeld Y. Hydroxychloroquine: from malaria to autoimmunity. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2012;42:145–53.
Babary H, et al. Favorable effects of hydroxychloroquine on serum low density lipid in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Rheum Dis. 2018;21:84–92.
Espinola RG, Pierangeli SS, Gharavi AE, Harris EN, Ghara AE. Hydroxychloroquine reverses platelet activation induced by human IgG antiphospholipid antibodies. Thromb Haemost. 2002;87:518–22.
Achuthan S, et al. Hydroxychloroquine’s efficacy as an antiplatelet agent study in healthy volunteers: a proof of concept study. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 2015;20:174–80.
Rand JH, et al. Hydroxychloroquine directly reduces the binding of antiphospholipid antibody-beta2-glycoprotein I complexes to phospholipid bilayers. Blood. 2008;112:1687–95.
Torres-Jimenez A-R, et al. Primary antiphospholipid syndrome in pediatrics: beyond thrombosis report of 32 cases and review of the evidence. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2022;20:13.
Jaffray J, Young G. Developmental hemostasis: clinical implications from the fetus to the adolescent. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2013;60:1407–17.
Kuhle S, Male C, Mitchell L. Developmental hemostasis: pro- and anticoagulant systems during childhood. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2003;29:329–38.
Rumsey DG, Myones B, Massicotte P. Diagnosis and treatment of antiphospholipid syndrome in childhood: a review. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2017;67:34–40.
Deitelzweig SB, Johnson BH, Lin J, Schulman KL. Prevalence of clinical venous thromboembolism in the USA: current trends and future projections. Am J Hematol. 2011;86:217–20.
Montagnana M, Favaloro EJ, Franchini M, Guidi GC, Lippi G. The role of ethnicity, age and gender in venous thromboembolism. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2010;29:489–96.
White RH. The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism. Circulation. 2003;107:I4-8.
Previtali E, Bucciarelli P, Passamonti SM, Martinelli I. Risk factors for venous and arterial thrombosis. Blood Transfus. 2011;9:120–38.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Nakashima MO, Rogers HJ. Hypercoagulable states: an algorithmic approach to laboratory testing and update on monitoring of direct oral anticoagulants. Blood Res. 2014;49:85–94.
Groot N, et al. European evidence-based recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of paediatric antiphospholipid syndrome: the SHARE initiative. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76:1637–41.
留言 (0)