Cheung NK, Dyer MA. Neuroblastoma: developmental biology, cancer genomics and immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2013;13:397–411. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc3526.

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Louis CU, Shohet JM. Neuroblastoma: molecular pathogenesis and therapy. Annu Rev Med. 2015;66:49–63. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-011514-023121.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Irwin MS, Naranjo A, Zhang FF, Cohn SL, London WB, Gastier-Foster JM, Ramirez NC, Pfau R, Reshmi S, Wagner E, et al. Revised neuroblastoma risk classification system: a report from the children’s oncology group. J Clin Oncol. 2021;39:3229–41. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.21.00278.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liang WH, Federico SM, London WB, Naranjo A, Irwin MS, Volchenboum SL, Cohn SL. Tailoring therapy for children with neuroblastoma on the basis of risk group classification: past, present, and future. JCO Clin Cancer Inform. 2020;4:895–905. https://doi.org/10.1200/CCI.20.00074.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yu AL, Gilman AL, Ozkaynak MF, London WB, Kreissman SG, Chen HX, Smith M, Anderson B, Villablanca JG, Matthay KK, et al. Anti-GD2 antibody with GM-CSF, interleukin-2, and isotretinoin for neuroblastoma. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:1324–34. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0911123.

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Park JR, Kreissman SG, London WB, Naranjo A, Cohn SL, Hogarty MD, Tenney SC, Haas-Kogan D, Shaw PJ, Kraveka JM, et al. Effect of tandem autologous stem cell transplant vs single transplant on event-free survival in patients with high-risk Neuroblastoma: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2019;322:746–55. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.11642.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dong DK, Chen SJ, Feng C, Xiong HZ, Xu XW. NB-UVB induces melanocytic differentiation of human hair follicle neural crest stem cells. Ann Dermatol. 2020;32:289–97. https://doi.org/10.5021/ad.2020.32.4.289.

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kildisiute G, Kholosy WM, Young MD, Roberts K, Elmentaite R, van Hooff SR, Pacyna CN, Khabirova E, Piapi A, Thevanesan C, et al. Tumor to normal single-cell mRNA comparisons reveal a pan-neuroblastoma cancer cell. Sci Adv. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abd3311.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ciccarone V, Spengler BA, Meyers MB, Biedler JL, Ross RA. Phenotypic diversification in human neuroblastoma cells: expression of distinct neural crest lineages. Cancer Res. 1989;49:219–25.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ross RA, Spengler BA, Domenech C, Porubcin M, Rettig WJ, Biedler JL. Human neuroblastoma I-type cells are malignant neural crest stem cells. Cell Growth Differ. 1995;6:449–56.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Walton JD, Kattan DR, Thomas SK, Spengler BA, Guo HF, Biedler JL, Cheung NK, Ross RA. Characteristics of stem cells from human neuroblastoma cell lines and in tumors. Neoplasia. 2004;6:838–45. https://doi.org/10.1593/neo.04310.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Acosta S, Lavarino C, Paris R, Garcia I, de Torres C, Rodriguez E, Beleta H, Mora J. Comprehensive characterization of neuroblastoma cell line subtypes reveals bilineage potential similar to neural crest stem cells. BMC Dev Biol. 2009;9:12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-213X-9-12.

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

van Groningen T, Akogul N, Westerhout EM, Chan A, Hasselt NE, Zwijnenburg DA, Broekmans M, Stroeken P, Haneveld F, Hooijer GKJ, et al. A NOTCH feed-forward loop drives reprogramming from adrenergic to mesenchymal state in neuroblastoma. Nat Commun. 2019;10:1530. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09470-w.

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

van Groningen T, Koster J, Valentijn LJ, Zwijnenburg DA, Akogul N, Hasselt NE, Broekmans M, Haneveld F, Nowakowska NE, Bras J, et al. Neuroblastoma is composed of two super-enhancer-associated differentiation states. Nat Genet. 2017;49:1261–6. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3899.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Boeva V, Louis-Brennetot C, Peltier A, Durand S, Pierre-Eugene C, Raynal V, Etchevers HC, Thomas S, Lermine A, Daudigeos-Dubus E, et al. Heterogeneity of neuroblastoma cell identity defined by transcriptional circuitries. Nat Genet. 2017;49:1408–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3921.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rada-Iglesias A, Bajpai R, Prescott S, Brugmann SA, Swigut T, Wysocka J. Epigenomic annotation of enhancers predicts transcriptional regulators of human neural crest. Cell Stem Cell. 2012;11:633–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2012.07.006.

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yu EY, Zahid SS, Aloe S, Falck-Pedersen E, Zhou XK, Cheung NV, Lue NF. Reciprocal impacts of telomerase activity and ADRN/MES differentiation state in neuroblastoma tumor biology. Commun Biol. 2021;4:1315. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02821-8.

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

van Wezel EM, van Zogchel LM, van Wijk J, Timmerman I, Vo NK, Zappeij-Kannegieter L, DeCarolis B, Simon T, van Noesel MM, Molenaar JJ, et al. Mesenchymal neuroblastoma cells are undetected by current mRNA marker panels: the development of a specific neuroblastoma mesenchymal minimal residual disease panel. JCO Precis Oncol. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1200/po.18.00413.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yogev O, Almeida GS, Barker KT, George SL, Kwok C, Campbell J, Zarowiecki M, Kleftogiannis D, Smith LM, Hallsworth A, et al. In vivo modeling of chemoresistant neuroblastoma provides new insights into chemorefractory disease and metastasis. Cancer Res. 2019;79:5382–93. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-2759.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lerone M, Ognibene M, Pezzolo A, Martucciello G, Zara F, Morini M, Mazzocco K. Molecular genetics in neuroblastoma prognosis. Children. 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8060456.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ackermann S, Cartolano M, Hero B, Welte A, Kahlert Y, Roderwieser A, Bartenhagen C, Walter E, Gecht J, Kerschke L, et al. A mechanistic classification of clinical phenotypes in neuroblastoma. Science. 2018;362:1165–70. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat6768.

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Valentijn LJ, Koster J, Zwijnenburg DA, Hasselt NE, van Sluis P, Volckmann R, van Noesel MM, George RE, Tytgat GA, Molenaar JJ, et al. TERT rearrangements are frequent in neuroblastoma and identify aggressive tumors. Nat Genet. 2015;47:1411–4. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3438.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brady SW, Liu Y, Ma X, Gout AM, Hagiwara K, Zhou X, Wang J, Macias M, Chen X, Easton J, et al. Pan-neuroblastoma analysis reveals age- and signature-associated driver alterations. Nat Commun. 2020;11:5183. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18987-4.

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Amoroso L, Ognibene M, Morini M, Conte M, Di Cataldo A, Tondo A, D’Angelo P, Castellano A, Garaventa A, Lasorsa VA, et al. Genomic coamplification of CDK4/MDM2/FRS2 is associated with very poor prognosis and atypical clinical features in neuroblastoma patients. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2020;59:277–85. https://doi.org/10.1002/gcc.22827.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Eleveld TF, Oldridge DA, Bernard V, Koster J, Colmet Daage L, Diskin SJ, Schild L, Bentahar NB, Bellini A, Chicard M, et al. Relapsed neuroblastomas show frequent RAS-MAPK pathway mutations. Nat Genet. 2015;47:864–71. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3333.

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Izycka-Swieszewska E, Drozynska E, Rzepko R, Kobierska-Gulida G, Grajkowska W, Perek D, Balcerska A. Analysis of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway in high risk neuroblastic tumours. Pol J Pathol. 2010;61:192–8.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gundem G, Cheung IY, Roberts SS, Medina-Martínez JS, Feng Y, Levine MF, Arango Ossa JE, Zhou Y, Chadoutaud L, Rita M et al. Clonal heterogeneity before treatment underlies spatial and temporal evolution in neuroblastoma. Adv Neuroblastoma Res. 2021.

Kamijo T, Nakagawara A. Molecular and genetic bases of neuroblastoma. Int J Clin Oncol. 2012;17:190–5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10147-012-0415-7.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nakagawara A, Li Y, Izumi H, Muramori K, Inada H, Nishi M. Neuroblastoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2018;48:214–41. https://doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyx176.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Attiyeh EF, London WB, Mosse YP, Wang Q, Winter C, Khazi D, McGrady PW, Seeger RC, Look AT, Shimada H, et al. Chromosome 1p and 11q deletions and outcome in neuroblastoma. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:2243–53. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa052399.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bown N, Cotterill S, Lastowska M, O’Neill S, Pearson AD, Plantaz D, Meddeb M, Danglot G, Brinkschmidt C, Christiansen H, et al. Gain of chromosome arm 17q and adverse outcome in patients with neuroblastoma. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:1954–61. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199906243402504.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brodeur GM, Seeger RC, Schwab M, Varmus HE, Bishop JM. Amplification of N-myc in untreated human neuroblastomas correlates with advanced disease stage. Science. 1984;224:1121–4. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.6719137.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mosse YP, Laudenslager M, Longo L, Cole KA, Wood A, Attiyeh EF, Laquaglia MJ, Sennett R, Lynch JE, Perri P, et al. Identification of ALK as a major familial neuroblastoma predisposition gene. Nature. 2008;455:930–5. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07261.

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wakamatsu Y, Watanabe Y, Nakamura H, Kondoh H. Regulation of the neural crest cell fate by N-myc: promotion of ventral migration and neuronal differentiation. Development. 1997;124:1953–62. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.124.10.1953.

CAS  Article  PubMed