—Rating of perceived exertion (a), gastrointestinal discomfort ratings (b), thirst ratings (c), and hunger ratings (d) during a simulated rugby union match-play protocol following acute ingestion of CHO only or isocaloric coingestion of CHO + BHB-ME. Values are mean ± 95% CI. *Significant difference between treatments (p < .05). CHO = carbohydrate; CHO only = carbohydrate alone; CHO + BHB-ME = carbohydrate with β-hydroxybutyrate monoester; CI = confidence interval.

Citation: International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 32, 5; 10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0346