World Health Organization. 2022. https://covid19.who.int/. Accessed 15 July 2022.

Dagan N, Barda N, Kepten E, Miron O, Perchik S, Katz MA, et al. BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine in a nationwide mass vaccination setting. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(15):1412–23. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2101765.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

CDC Expands Eligibility for COVID-19 Booster Shots to All Adults. https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/s1119-booster-shots.html. Accessed 01 Apr 2022.

Lopez Bernal J, Andrews N, Gower C, Robertson C, Stowe J, Tessier E, et al. Effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines on covid-19 related symptoms, hospital admissions, and mortality in older adults in England: test negative case-control study. BMJ (Clinical research ed). 2021;373: n1088. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1088.

Article  Google Scholar 

Haas EJ, Angulo FJ, McLaughlin JM, Anis E, Singer SR, Khan F, et al. Impact and effectiveness of mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 cases, hospitalisations, and deaths following a nationwide vaccination campaign in Israel: an observational study using national surveillance data. Lancet (London, England). 2021;397(10287):1819–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00947-8.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Voysey M, Costa Clemens SA, Madhi SA, Weckx LY, Folegatti PM, Aley PK, et al. Single-dose administration and the influence of the timing of the booster dose on immunogenicity and efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine: a pooled analysis of four randomised trials. Lancet (London, England). 2021;397(10277):881–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00432-3.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

LABEL: PFIZER-BIONTECH COVID-19 VACCINE- bnt162b2 injection, suspension. https://www.dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=908ecbe7-2f1b-42dd-94bf-f917ec3c5af8 Accessed 01 Apr 2022.

Holstein SA, Lunning MA. CAR T-cell therapy in hematologic malignancies: a voyage in progress. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2020;107(1):112–22. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.1674.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Larson RC, Maus MV. Recent advances and discoveries in the mechanisms and functions of CAR T cells. Nat Rev Cancer. 2021;21(3):145–61. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41568-020-00323-z.

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Eaves CJ. Hematopoietic stem cells: concepts, definitions, and the new reality. Blood. 2015;125(17):2605–13. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2014-12-570200.

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sharrack B, Saccardi R, Alexander T, Badoglio M, Burman J, Farge D, et al. Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and other cellular therapy in multiple sclerosis and immune-mediated neurological diseases: updated guidelines and recommendations from the EBMT Autoimmune Diseases Working Party (ADWP) and the Joint Accreditation Committee of EBMT and ISCT (JACIE). Bone Marrow Transplant. 2020;55(2):283–306. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41409-019-0684-0.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Barriga F, Ramírez P, Wietstruck A, Rojas N. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: clinical use and perspectives. Biol Res. 2012;45(3):307–16. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0716-97602012000300012.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gyurkocza B, Lazarus HM, Giralt S. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with AML not achieving remission: potentially curative therapy. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2017;52(8):1083–90. https://doi.org/10.1038/bmt.2017.8.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brentjens RJ, Davila ML, Riviere I, Park J, Wang X, Cowell LG, et al. CD19-targeted T cells rapidly induce molecular remissions in adults with chemotherapy-refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Sci Transl Med. 2013;5(177):177ra38. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3005930.

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Raje N, Berdeja J, Lin Y, Siegel D, Jagannath S, Madduri D, et al. Anti-BCMA CAR T-cell therapy bb2121 in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(18):1726–37. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1817226.

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bupha-Intr O, Haeusler G, Chee L, Thursky K, Slavin M, Teh B. CAR-T cell therapy and infection: a review. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2021;19(6):749–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/14787210.2021.1855143.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Peinemann F, Smith LA, Kromp M, Bartel C, Kröger N, Kulig M. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation following high-dose chemotherapy for non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas. Cochrane database Syst Rev. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008216.pub3.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sharma A, Bhatt NS, St Martin A, Abid MB, Bloomquist J, Chemaly RF, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation recipients: an observational cohort study. Lancet Haematol. 2021;8(3):e185–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2352-3026(20)30429-4.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Spanjaart AM, Ljungman P, de La Camara R, Tridello G, Ortiz-Maldonado V, Urbano-Ispizua A, et al. Poor outcome of patients with COVID-19 after CAR T-cell therapy for B-cell malignancies: results of a multicenter study on behalf of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) Infectious Diseases Working Party and the European Hematology Association (EHA) Lymphoma Group. Leukemia. 2021;35(12):3585–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-021-01466-0.

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Borek AJ, Maitland K, McLeod M, Campbell A, Hayhoe B, Butler CC, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on community antibiotic prescribing and stewardship: a qualitative interview study with general practitioners in England. medRxiv. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.19.21266529.

Article  Google Scholar 

EBMT: COVID-19 vaccines. Version 8. https://www.ebmt.org/covid-19-and-bmt Accessed 01 Mar 2022.

Sterne JA, Hernán MA, Reeves BC, Savović J, Berkman ND, Viswanathan M, et al. ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ. 2016;355: i4919. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i4919.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Matkowska-Kocjan A, Owoc-Lempach J, Chruszcz J, Kuźnik E, Szenborn F, Jurczenko L, et al. The COVID-19 mRNA BNT163b2 vaccine was well tolerated and highly immunogenic in young adults in long follow-up after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Vaccines. 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101209.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pabst C, Benning L, Liebers N, Janssen M, Caille L, Speer C, et al. Humoral responses and chronic GVHD exacerbation after COVID-19 vaccination post allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Vaccines. 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020330.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Piñana JL, López-Corral L, Martino R, Montoro J, Vazquez L, Pérez A, et al. SARS-CoV-2-reactive antibody detection after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: prospective survey from the Spanish Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy Group. Am J Hematol. 2022;97(1):30–42. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.26385.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Canti L, Humblet-Baron S, Desombere I, Neumann J, Pannus P, Heyndrickx L, et al. Predictors of neutralizing antibody response to BNT162b2 vaccination in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. J Hematol Oncol. 2021;14(1):174. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-021-01190-3.

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chiarucci M, Paolasini S, Isidori A, Guiducci B, Loscocco F, Capalbo M, et al. Immunological response against SARS-COV-2 After BNT162b2 vaccine administration is impaired in allogeneic but not in autologous stem cell transplant recipients. Front Oncol. 2021;11: 737300. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.737300.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Watanabe M, Yakushijin K, Funakoshi Y, Ohji G, Hojo W, Sakai H, et al. The safety and immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in Japanese patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Vaccines. 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020158.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Majcherek M, Matkowska-Kocjan A, Szymczak D, Karasek M, Szeremet A, Kiraga A, et al. Two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: humoral response and serological conversion predictors. Cancers. 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14020325.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lindemann M, Klisanin V, Thümmler L, Fisenkci N, Tsachakis-Mück N, Ditschkowski M, et al. Humoral and cellular vaccination responses against SARS-CoV-2 in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Vaccines. 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101075.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shem-Tov N, Yerushalmi R, Danylesko I, Litachevsky V, Levy I, Olmer L, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients. Br J Haematol. 2022;196(4):884–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.17918.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chevallier P, Coste-Burel M, Le Bourgeois A, Peterlin P, Garnier A, Béné MC, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of a first dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cells recipients. EJHaem. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1002/jha2.242.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tamari R, Politikos I, Knorr DA, Vardhana SA, Young JC, Marcello LT, et al. Predictors of humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination after hematopoietic cell transplantation and CAR T-cell therapy. Blood Cancer Discov. 2021;2(6):577–85. https://doi.org/10.1158/2643-3230.Bcd-21-0142.

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Easdale S, Shea R, Ellis L, Bazin J, Davis K, Dallas F, et al. Serologic responses following a single dose of SARS-Cov-2 vaccination in allogeneic stem cell transplantation recipients. Transplant Cell Ther. 2021;27(10):880.e1-e4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtct.2021.07.011.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Healy K, Pin E, Chen P, Söderdahl G, Nowak P, Mielke S, et al. Salivary IgG to SARS-CoV-2 indicates seroconversion and correlates to serum neutralization in mRNA-vaccinated immunocompromised individuals. Med (New York, NY). 2022;3(2):137-53.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medj.2022.01.001.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ram R, Hagin D, Kikozashvilli N, Freund T, Amit O, Bar-On Y, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in patients after allogeneic HCT or CD19-based CART therapy-a single-center prospective cohort study. Transplant Cell Ther. 2021;27(9):788–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtct.2021.06.024.

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Redjoul R, Le Bouter A, Beckerich F, Fourati S, Maury S. Antibody response after second BNT162b2 dose in allogeneic HSCT recipients. Lancet (London, England). 2021;398(10297):298–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01594-4.

CAS