Bjarnadottir TK, Gloriam DE, Hellstrand SH, Kristiansson H et al (2006) Comprehensive repertoire and phylogenetic analysis of the G protein-coupled receptors in human and mouse. Genomics 88:263–273

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Hauser AS, Chavali S, Masuho I, Jahn LJ et al (2018) Pharmacogenomics of GPCR drug targets. Cell 172(41–54):e19

Google Scholar 

Schioth HB, Fredriksson R (2005) The GRAFS classification system of G-protein coupled receptors in comparative perspective. Gen Comp Endocrinol 142:94–101

PubMed  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Baud V, Chissoe SL, Viegas-Pequignot E, Diriong S et al (1995) EMR1, an unusual member in the family of hormone receptors with seven transmembrane segments. Genomics 26:334–344

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

de la Lastra JM, Shahein YE, Garrido JJ, Llanes D (2003) Molecular cloning and structural analysis of the porcine homologue to CD97 antigen. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 93:107–115

PubMed  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Krasnoperov VG, Bittner MA, Beavis R, Kuang Y et al (1997) alpha-Latrotoxin stimulates exocytosis by the interaction with a neuronal G-protein-coupled receptor. Neuron 18:925–937

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Lelianova VG, Davletov BA, Sterling A, Rahman MA et al (1997) Alpha-latrotoxin receptor, latrophilin, is a novel member of the secretin family of G protein-coupled receptors. J Biol Chem 272:21504–21508

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Usui T, Shima Y, Shimada Y, Hirano S et al (1999) Flamingo, a seven-pass transmembrane cadherin, regulates planar cell polarity under the control of Frizzled. Cell 98:585–595

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Nishimori H, Shiratsuchi T, Urano T, Kimura Y et al (1997) A novel brain-specific p53-target gene, BAI1, containing thrombospondin type 1 repeats inhibits experimental angiogenesis. Oncogene 15:2145–2150

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Scholz N, Langenhan T, Schoneberg T (2019) Revisiting the classification of adhesion GPCRs. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1456:80–95

PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Krasnoperov V, Lu Y, Buryanovsky L, Neubert TA et al (2002) Post-translational proteolytic processing of the calcium-independent receptor of alpha-latrotoxin (CIRL), a natural chimera of the cell adhesion protein and the G protein-coupled receptor. Role of the G protein-coupled receptor proteolysis site (GPS) motif. J Biol Chem 277:46518–46526

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Lin HH, Chang GW, Davies JQ, Stacey M et al (2004) Autocatalytic cleavage of the EMR2 receptor occurs at a conserved G protein-coupled receptor proteolytic site motif. J Biol Chem 279:31823–31832

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Arac D, Boucard AA, Bolliger MF, Nguyen J et al (2012) A novel evolutionarily conserved domain of cell-adhesion GPCRs mediates autoproteolysis. EMBO J 31:1364–1378

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Guan C, Cui T, Rao V, Liao W et al (1996) Activation of glycosylasparaginase. Formation of active N-terminal threonine by intramolecular autoproteolysis. J Biol Chem 271:1732–1737

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Xu Q, Buckley D, Guan C, Guo HC (1999) Structural insights into the mechanism of intramolecular proteolysis. Cell 98:651–661

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Chang GW, Stacey M, Kwakkenbos MJ, Hamann J et al (2003) Proteolytic cleavage of the EMR2 receptor requires both the extracellular stalk and the GPS motif. FEBS Lett 547:145–150

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Volynski KE, Silva JP, Lelianova VG, Rahman A et al (2004) Latrophilin fragments behave as independent proteins that associate and signal on binding of LTX(N4C). EMBO J 23:4423–4433

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Silva JP, Lelianova V, Hopkins C, Volynski KE et al (2009) Functional cross-interaction of the fragments produced by the cleavage of distinct adhesion G-protein-coupled receptors. J Biol Chem 284:6495–6506

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Kishore A, Hall RA (2016) Versatile signaling activity of adhesion GPCRs. Handb Exp Pharmacol 234:127–146

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Stoveken HM, Hajduczok AG, Xu L, Tall GG (2015) Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors are activated by exposure of a cryptic tethered agonist. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:6194–6199

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Liebscher I, Schon J, Petersen SC, Fischer L et al (2014) A tethered agonist within the ectodomain activates the adhesion G protein-coupled receptors GPR126 and GPR133. Cell Rep 9:2018–2026

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Henderson DJ, Long DA, Dean CH (2018) Planar cell polarity in organ formation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 55:96–103

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Strutt D, Schnabel R, Fiedler F, Promel S (2016) Adhesion GPCRs govern polarity of epithelia and cell migration. Handb Exp Pharmacol 234:249–274

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Curtin JA, Quint E, Tsipouri V, Arkell RM et al (2003) Mutation of Celsr1 disrupts planar polarity of inner ear hair cells and causes severe neural tube defects in the mouse. Curr Biol 13:1129–1133

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Langenhan T, Promel S, Mestek L, Esmaeili B et al (2009) Latrophilin signaling links anterior-posterior tissue polarity and oriented cell divisions in the C. elegans embryo. Dev Cell 17:494–504

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Muller A, Winkler J, Fiedler F, Sastradihardja T et al (2015) Oriented cell division in the C. elegans embryo is coordinated by G-protein signaling dependent on the adhesion GPCR LAT-1. PLoS Genet 11:e1005624

Langenhan T, Piao X, Monk KR (2016) Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors in nervous system development and disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 17:550–561

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Nagar B, Overduin M, Ikura M, Rini JM (1996) Structural basis of calcium-induced E-cadherin rigidification and dimerization. Nature 380:360–364

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Nishimura T, Honda H, Takeichi M (2012) Planar cell polarity links axes of spatial dynamics in neural-tube closure. Cell 149:1084–1097

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Li S, Jin Z, Koirala S, Bu L et al (2008) GPR56 regulates pial basement membrane integrity and cortical lamination. J Neurosci 28:5817–5826

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Chiang NY, Hsiao CC, Huang YS, Chen HY et al (2011) Disease-associated GPR56 mutations cause bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria via multiple mechanisms. J Biol Chem 286:14215–14225

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Tissir F, Goffinet AM (2013) Shaping the nervous system: role of the core planar cell polarity genes. Nat Rev Neurosci 14:525–535

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Ying G, Wu S, Hou R, Huang W et al (2009) The protocadherin gene Celsr3 is required for interneuron migration in the mouse forebrain. Mol Cell Biol 29:3045–3061

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Qu Y, Huang Y, Feng J, Alvarez-Bolado G et al (2014) Genetic evidence that Celsr3 and Celsr2, together with Fzd3, regulate forebrain wiring in a Vangl-independent manner. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111:E2996-3004

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Ackerman SD, Garcia C, Piao X, Gutmann DH et al (2015) The adhesion GPCR Gpr56 regulates oligodendrocyte development via interactions with Galpha12/13 and RhoA. Nat Commun 6:6122

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Monk KR, Naylor SG, Glenn TD, Mercurio S et al (2009) A G protein-coupled receptor is essential for Schwann cells to initiate myelination. Science 325:1402–1405

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Monk KR, Oshima K, Jors S, Heller S et al (2011) Gpr126 is essential for peripheral nerve development and myelination in mammals. Development 138:2673–2680

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Ackerman SD, Luo R, Poitelon Y, Mogha A et al (2018) GPR56/ADGRG1 regulates development and maintenance of peripheral myelin. J Exp Med 215:941–961

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar