Ectopic Fat and Cardiac Health in People with HIV: Serious as a Heart Attack

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity. Data, Trend and Maps. https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpao/data-trends-maps/index.html. Accessed Jun 20, 2022.

Lake JE. The fat of the matter: obesity and visceral adiposity in treated HIV infection. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2017;14(6):211–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-017-0368-6.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Godfrey C, Bremer A, Alba D, Apovian C, Koethe JR, Koliwad S, et al. Obesity and fat metabolism in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals: immunopathogenic mechanisms and clinical implications. J Infect Dis. 2019;220(3):420–31. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz118.

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bourgi K, Jenkins CA, Rebeiro PF, Palella F, Moore RD, Altoff KN, et al. Weight gain among treatment-naïve persons with HIV starting integrase inhibitors compared to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors or protease inhibitors in a large observational cohort in the United States and Canada. J Int AIDS Soc. 2020;23(4):e25484. https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25484Provides insightful results from a large contemporary observational study.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sahagun SJ, Yeramosu T, Purdy JB, Reynolds JC, Hadigan CM. Associations between central obesity and lifelong antiviral therapy in adults living with HIV acquired from early childhood. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2022;89(2):208–14. https://doi.org/10.1097/qai.0000000000002841.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Srinivasa S, Fitch KV, Torriani M, Zanni MV, Defilippi C, Christenson R, et al. Relationship of visceral and subcutaneous adipose depots to markers of arterial injury and inflammation among individuals with HIV. Aids. 2019;33(2):229–36. https://doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000002060.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bogorodskaya M, Fitch KV, Lu M, Torriani M, Zanni MV, Looby SE, et al. Measures of adipose tissue redistribution and atherosclerotic coronary plaque in HIV. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2020;28(4):749–55. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22742Robust study linking altered body composition in PWH and coronary artery disease.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Dickey RA, Bartuska D, Bray GW, Callaway CW, Davidson ET, Feld S, et al. AACE/ACE position statement on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of obesity (1998 revision). Endocr Pract. 1998;4(5):297–350.

Google Scholar 

Oliveros E, Somers VK, Sochor O, Goel K, Lopez-Jimenez F. The concept of normal weight obesity. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2014;56(4):426–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2013.10.003.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Erlandson KM, Fiorillo S, Masawi F, Scherzinger A, McComsey GA, Lake JE, et al. Antiretroviral initiation is associated with increased skeletal muscle area and fat content. Aids. 2017;31(13):1831–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000001558.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Peters SAE, Bots SH, Woodward M. Sex differences in the association between measures of general and central adiposity and the risk of myocardial infarction: results from the UK Biobank. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;7(5):e008507. https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.117.008507.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Manmathan GPR, Little C, Kotecha T, Ngwu N, Hunter A, Kinloch S, et al. P5336Waist:hip ratio (WHR): a better predictor of cardiovascular risk (CVR) than BMI in people living with HIV. Eur Heart J. 2019;40(Supplement_1):ehz746–0304. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0304.

Article  Google Scholar 

Pike MM, Decker PA, Larson NB, St. Sauver JL, Takahashi PY, Roger VL, et al. Improvement in cardiovascular risk prediction with electronic health records. Journal of Cardiovascular. Transl Res. 2016;9(3):214–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12265-016-9687-z.

Article  Google Scholar 

Cypess AM. Reassessing human adipose tissue. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(8):768–79. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra2032804Essential reading about current understanding of adipose tissue features.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lee JJ, Pedley A, Therkelsen KE, Hoffmann U, Massaro JM, Levy D, et al. Upper body subcutaneous fat is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Am J Med. 2017;130(8):958–66 e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.01.044.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Koethe JR, Lagathu C, Lake JE, Domingo P, Calmy A, Falutz J, et al. HIV and antiretroviral therapy-related fat alterations. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020;6(1):48. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-020-0181-1.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Capeau J, Lagathu C, Béréziat V, Fève B. Recent data on adipose tissue, insulin resistance, diabetes and dyslipidaemia in antiretroviral therapy controlled HIV-infected persons. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2021;16(3):141–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/coh.0000000000000674.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Trayhurn P. Hypoxia and adipose tissue function and dysfunction in obesity. Physiol Rev. 2013;93(1):1–21. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00017.2012.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Erlandson KM, Lake JE. Fat matters: understanding the role of adipose tissue in health in HIV infection. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2016;13(1):20–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-016-0298-8.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Blüher M. Metabolically healthy obesity. Endocr Rev. 2020;41:3. https://doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnaa004.

Article  Google Scholar 

Gelpi M, Ueland PM, Troseid M, Mocroft A, Lebech AM, Ullum H, et al. Abdominal adipose tissue is associated with alterations in tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism and markers of systemic inflammation in people with human immunodeficiency virus. J Infect Dis. 2020;221(3):419–27. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz465.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guaraldi G, Milic J. Why am i getting fat? Exploring immune-metabolic pathways to central fat accumulation in persons with HIV. J Infect Dis. 2020;221(3):343–5. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz466.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gelpi M, Vestad B, Raju SC, Hansen SH, Høgh J, Midttun Ø, et al. Association of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism with human immunodeficiency virus-related gut microbiota alterations and visceral adipose tissue accumulation. J Infect Dis. 2022;225(11):1948–54. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac018This study provides new data on Kyn/Trp metabolism and its relationship with visceral adipose tissue accumulation.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Murphy RA, Register TC, Shively CA, Carr JJ, Ge Y, Heilbrun ME, et al. Adipose tissue density, a novel biomarker predicting mortality risk in older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014;69(1):109–17. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glt070.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lake JE, Moser C, Johnston L, Magyar C, Nelson SD, Erlandson KM, et al. CT fat density accurately reflects histologic fat quality in adults with HIV on and off antiretroviral therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019;104(10):4857–64. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2018-02785This is an ACTG study validating the correlation between CT scan results and histology of adipose tissue in PWH.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Miller CJ, Baker JV, Bormann AM, Erlandson KM, Huppler Hullsiek K, Justice AC, et al. Adjudicated morbidity and mortality outcomes by age among individuals with HIV infection on suppressive antiretroviral therapy. PLoS One. 2014;9(4):e95061. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0095061.

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hsue PY, Waters DD. HIV infection and coronary heart disease: mechanisms and management. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2019;16(12):745–59. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-019-0219-9A review on epidemiology and clinical features of cardiovascular disease in PWH with a focus on coronary heart disease, the underlying mechanisms and available therapeutic strategies.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Feinstein MJ, Nance RM, Delaney JAC, Heckbert SR, Budoff MJ, Drozd DR, et al. Mortality following myocardial infarction among HIV-infected persons: the Center for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS). BMC Med. 2019;17(1):149. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1385-7.

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nou E, Lo J, Hadigan C, Grinspoon SK. Pathophysiology and management of cardiovascular disease in patients with HIV. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2016;4(7):598–610. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00388-5.

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shah ASV, Stelzle D, Lee KK, Beck EJ, Alam S, Clifford S, et al. Global burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in people living with HIV: systematic review and meta-analysis. Circulation. 2018;138(11):1100–12. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.117.033369.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Feinstein MJ, Steverson AB, Ning H, Pawlowski AE, Schneider D, Ahmad FS, et al. Adjudicated heart failure in HIV-infected and uninfected men and women. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;7(21):e009985. https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.118.009985.

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Feinstein MJ, Hsue PY, Benjamin LA, Bloomfield GS, Currier JS, Freiberg MS, et al. Characteristics, prevention, and management of cardiovascular disease in people living with HIV: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2019;140(2):e98–e124. https://doi.org/10.1161/cir.0000000000000695.

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Erqou S, Lodebo BT, Masri A, Altibi AM, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB, Dzudie A, et al. Cardiac dysfunction among people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JACC Heart Fail. 2019;7(2):98–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2018.10.006.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Butler J, Greene SJ, Shah SH, Shah SJ, Anstrom KJ, Kim RJ, et al. Diastolic dysfunction in patients with human immunodeficiency virus receiving antiretroviral therapy: results from the CHART study. J Card Fail. 2020;26(5):371–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2019.10.011.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Palella FJ Jr, McKibben R, Post WS, Li X, Budoff M, Kingsley L, et al. Anatomic fat depots and coronary plaque among human immunodeficiency virus-infected and uninfected men in the multicenter AIDS cohort study. Open Forum. Infect Dis. 2016;3(2):ofw098. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofw098.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Glesby MJ, Hanna DB, Hoover DR, Shi Q, Yin MT, Kaplan R, et al. Abdominal fat depots and subclinical carotid artery atherosclerosis in women with and without HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2018;77(3):308–16. https://doi.org/10.1097/qai.0000000000001606.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central 

留言 (0)

沒有登入
gif