Missed Opportunities for Screening and Management of Dysglycemia among Patients Presenting with Acute Myocardial Infarction in North India: The Prospective NORIN STEMI Registry

DeFronzo RA, Ferrannini E, Groop L, Henry RR, Herman WH, Holst JJ, Hu FB, Kahn CR, Raz I, Shulman GI, et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2015; 1: 1 5019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2015.19 

International Diabetes Federation. IDF diabetes atlas, 9th ed.; 2019. https://diabetesatlas.org/upload/resources/material/20200302_133351_IDFATLAS9e-final-web.pdf (accessed 11 August 2021). 

Huang Y, Cai X, Mai W, Li M, Hu Y. Association between prediabetes and risk of cardiovascular disease and all cause mortality: systemic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2016; 355: i5953. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i5953 

Deepa M, Grace M, Binukumar B, Pradeepa R, Roopa S, Khan HM, Fatmi Z, Kadir MM, Naeem I, Ajay VS, et al. CARRS Surveillance Research Group. High burden of prediabetes and diabetes in three large cities in South Asia: The Center for cArdio-metabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia (CARRS) Study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2015; 110: 172–182. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2015.09.005 

Kukreja N, Wilkinson JR, MacDuff A, Galloway CF, Fox KM. Under-diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in patients with coronary artery disease. Int J Cardiol. 2004; 97: 77–82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2003.08.012 

Das SR, Everett BM, Birtcher KK, Brown JM, Januzzi JL Jr, Kaylani RR, Kosiborod M, Magwire ML, Neumiller JJ, Morris PB, Sperling LS. 2020 Expert consensus decision pathway on novel therapies for cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes: A report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020; 76: 1117–1145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.05.037 

Arora S, Qamar A, Gupta P, Vaduganathan M, Chauhan I, Tripathi AK, Sharma VY, Bansal A, Fatima A, Jain G, et al. Design and rationale of the North Indian ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction registry: A prospective cohort study. Clin Cardiol. 2019; 42: 1140–1146. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.23278 

Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, Chaitman BR, Bax JJ, Morrow DA, White HD. Fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction (2018). Circulation. 2018; 138: e618–e651. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000617 

Divakaran S, Singh A, Biery D, Yang J, DeFilippis EM, Collins BL, Ramsis M, Qamar A, Hainer J, Klein J, et al. Diabetes is associated with worse long-term outcomes in young adults after myocardial infarction: The Partners Young-MI Registry. Diabetes Care. 2020; 43: 1843–1850. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-0998 

Xavier D, Pais P, Deveraux PJ, Xie C, Prabhakaran D, Reddy KS, Gupta R, Joshi P, Kerkar P, Thanikachalam S, et al. Treatment and outcomes of acute coronary syndrome in India (CREATE): A prospective analysis of registry data. Lancet. 2008; 371: 1435–1442. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60623-6 

Yusuf S, Islam S, Chow CK, Rungarajan S, Dagenais G, Diaz R, Gupta R, Kelishadi R, Iqbal R, Avezum A, et al. Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study investigators. Use of secondary prevention drugs for cardiovascular disease in the community in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (the PURE study): A prospective epidemiological survey. Lancet. 2011; 378: 1231–1243. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61215-4 

Marcus ME, Manne-Goehler J, Theilmann M, Farzadfar F, Moghaddam SS, Keykhaei M, Hajebi A, Tschida S, Lemp JM, Aryal KK, et al. Use of statins for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in 41 low-income and middle-income countries: A cross-sectional study of nationally representative, individual-level data. Lancet Glob Health. 2022; 10: e369–e379. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00551-9 

Prabhakaran D, Singh K, Roth GA, Banerjee A, Pagidipati N, Huffman MD. Cardiovascular disease in India compared with United States. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018; 72: 79–95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.04.042 

Afshin A, Forouzanfar MH, Reitsma MB, Sur P, Estep K, Lee A, Marczak L, Mokdad AH, Moradi-Lakeh M, Naghavi M, et al. GBD 2015 obesity collaborators. Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years. N Engl J Med. 2017; 377: 13–27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1614362 

Miranda JJ, Barrientos-Gutiérrez T, Corvalan C, Hyder AA, Lazo-Porras M, Oni T, Wells JCK. Understanding the rise of cardiometabolic diseases in low- and middle-income countries. Nat Med. 2019; 25: 1667–1679. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-019-0644-7 

Ritchie RH, Abel ED. Basic mechanisms of diabetic heart disease. Circ Res. 2020; 126: 1501–1525. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.315913 

Chow CK, Ramasundarahettige C, Hu W, AlHabib KF, Avezum A, Cheng X, Chifamba J, Dagenais G, Dans A, Egbujie BA, et al. Availability and afforadability of essential medications for diabetes across high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: A prospective epidemiological study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018; 6: 798–808. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30233-X 

Flood D, Seiglie JA, Dunn M, Tschida S, Thielmann M, Marcus ME, Brian G, Norov B, Mayige MT, Gurung MS, et al. The state of diabetes treatment coverage in 55 low-income and middle-income countries: a cross-sectional study of nationally representative individual-level data in 680102 adults. Lancet Healthy Longev. 2021; 2: e340–e351. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-7568(21)00089-1 

World Health Organization. WHO model list of essential medicines—22nd list (2021). https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MHP-HPS-EML-2021.02 (accessed 2 October 2021). 

McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A, Böhm M, Burri H, Butler J, Čelutkienė J, Chioncel O, et al. 2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2021; 42: 3599–3726. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368 

Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM, Deswal A, Drazner M, Dunlay SM, Evers LA, et al. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022; 79: e263–e421. 

Pop-Busui R, Januzzi JL, Bruemmer D, Butalia S, Green JB, Horton WB, Knight C, Levi M, Rasouli N, Richardson CR. Heart failure: An underappreciated complication of diabetes. A consensus report of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2022; 45: 1670–1690. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/figshare.19538869.v1 

Dunlay SM, Givertz MM, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Chan M, Desai AS, Deswal A, Dickson VV, Kosiborod MN, Lekavich CL, et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the Heart Failure Society of America: This statement does not represent an update of the 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA heart failure guideline update. Circulation. 2019; 140: e294–e324. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000691 

Kristensen SL, Rørth R, Jhund PS, Docherty KF, Sattar N, Preiss D, Køber L, Petrie MC, McMurray JJV. Cardiovascular, mortality, and kidney outcomes with GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019; 7: 776–785. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30249-9 

Udell JA, Jones WS, Petrie MC, Harrington J, Anker SD, Bhatt DL, Hernandez AF, Butler J. Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibition for acute myocardial infarction: JACC Review topic of the week. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022; 79: 2058–2068. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2022.03.353 

Lopaschuk GD, Verma S. Mechanisms of cardiovascular benefits of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors: A state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol Basic Trans Science. 2020; 5: 632–644. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.02.004 

Braunwald E. Gliflozins in the management of cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2022; 386: 2024–2034. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra2115011 

Trevisan M, Fu EL, Szummer K, Norhammar A, Lundman P, Wanner C, Sjölander A, Jernberg T, Carrero JJ. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and risk of cardiovascular events in diabetes patients surviving an acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2021; 7: 104–111. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaa004 

Honigberg MC, Chang L-S, McGuire DK, Plutzky J, Aroda VR, Vaduganathan M. Use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: A review. JAMA Cardiol. 2020; 5: 1182–1190. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1966 

Ng M, Fleming T, Robinson M, Thomson B, Graetz N, Margono C, Mullany EC, Biryukov S, Abbafati C, Abera SF, et al. Global, regional and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults 1980–2013: A systematic analysis. Lancet. 2014; 384: 766–781. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60460-8 

Blüher M. Obesity: Global epidemiology and pathogenesis. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2019; 15: 288–298. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-019-0176-8 

Zoghbi WA, Duncan T, Antman E, Barbosa M, Champagne B, Chen D, Gamra H, Harold JG, Josephson S, Komajda M, et al. Sustainable development goals and the future of cardiovascular health: A statement from the Global Cardiovascular Disease Taskforce. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014; 64: 1385–1387. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2014.08.018 

Gunton JE, McElduff A. Hemoglobinopathies and HbA1c measurement. Diabetes Care. 2000; 23: 1197–1198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.23.8.1197 

Gallagher EJ, Le Roith D, Bloomgarden Z. Review of hemoglobin A1c in the management of diabetes. J Diabetes. 2009; 1: 9–17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-0407.2009.00009.x 

Radhakrishna P, Vinod KV, Sujiv A, Swaminathan RP. Comparison of hemoglobin A1c with fasting and 2-h plasma glucose tests for diagnosis of diabetes and prediabetes among high-risk South Indians. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2018; 22: 50–56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/ijem.IJEM_254_17 

Bio-Rad Laboratories. D-10 Hemglobin Testing System; 2020. https://www.bio-rad.com/webroot/web/pdf/cdg/solutions/Hemoglobin%20A1c/doc_DG20-0699%20A-348%20D-10_Brochure_vf.pdf (accessed 5 May 2022). 

留言 (0)

沒有登入
gif