aThe Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China

bICMA CENTER, University of Reading, Reading, UK

cDepartment of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First medical University, Jinan

dDepartment of Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China

Correspondence to Fengshuang An, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, China. E-mail: [email protected]

Abbreviations: AS, atherosclerosis; Bcl2, B-cell lymphoma 2; ECM, extracellular matrix; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; FAK, focal adhesion kinase; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; JNK, C-Jun N-terminal kinase; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MAPK, mitogen activated protein kinase; MEK, mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase; MOI, multiplicity of infection; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; TC, total cholesterol; VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cell; WISP1, WNT1-inducible signalling pathway protein 1

Received 26 December, 2021

Revised 25 April, 2022

Accepted 25 April, 2022