aDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York, NY

bMelbourne Orthopaedic Group, Melbourne Australia

cSpine and Scoliosis Research Associates, Melbourne Australia

dMaimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY

eRothman Orthopaedic Institute, New York, NY

IRB approval was obtained for this study.

T.S.P. is a paid consultant at Globus Medical, Stryker K2M, NuVasive, Medtronic; is receiving royalties from Altus and stock options from SpineAlign. A.J.B. is a paid consultant at Medtronic Sofamor Danek, Nuvasive, and Stryker; and is receiving IP royalties from Nuvasive. The remaining authors report no conflicts of interest.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Yong H. Kim, MD, Spine Research Center, NYU Langone Medical Center—Hospital for Joint Diseases, 306 East 15th Street, New York, New York 10003; E-mail: [email protected]