From the Department of Surgery (B.J., A.T.S.), University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education (J.P., E.S.), The University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Coalition for National Trauma Research (M.A.B., P.J.B., M.A.P.), San Antonio, Texas; University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine-Lehigh Valley Campus (R.D.B.), Allentown, Pennsylvania; Brigham & Women’s Hospital (Z.C., M.J.), Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Surgery (W.L., E.B.), The Department of Surgery, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care Division (S.L.), Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Department of Anesthesiology (E.P.), UTHealth Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas; Department of Surgery, The Division of Trauma and Critical care (R.D.B.), Lehigh Valley Hospital and Health Network, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine (USF-MCOM), Lehigh Valley Campus, Allentown, PA.

Submitted: November 19, 2021, Revised: March 11, 2022, Accepted: March 14, 2022, Published online: April 8, 2022.

Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text, and links to the digital files are provided in the HTML text of this article on the journal’s Web site (www.jtrauma.com).

Address for reprints: Bellal Joseph, MD, FACS, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Rm 5411, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ; email: [email protected].