Risk of vertical transmission of SARS CoV-2 infection to neonates born to covid positive mothers: A pilot study from a tertiary care hospital of North India

ElsevierVolume 28, Issue 10, October 2022, Pages 1370-1374Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyAbstractObjectives

To assess the risk of neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection born to the women with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Materials and methods

This prospective study was conducted at single tertiary hospital from September 2020 and May 2021. 50 pregnant women with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and 50 neonates were included for analysis. We performed comprehensive testing of all biological samples for vertical transmission including the cord blood immunoglobulin.

Results

We detected SARS-CoV-2 in one fetal membrane and one amniotic fluid sample. We also demonstrated presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibodies in cord blood of 3 neonates. Though none of the samples of vaginal secretion, breast milk and nasopharyngeal swab from neonates were tested positive for covid infection via RT-PCR. We demonstrated presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the cord blood which had shown positive correlation with increasing disease to delivery interval and disease severity.

Conclusion

Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is possible. As virus was not detected in cervicovaginal secretions and breast milk so vertical transmission through this mechanism seems unlikely. Presence of IgG in cord blood is suggestive of passive immunity acquired from mother. This finding has greater clinical implication as large number of expecting mothers are being vaccinated.

Keywords

SARS-CoV-2

Vertical transmission

COVID-19

Cord blood IgG-IGM

Breast milk

Cervicovaginal secretion

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© 2022 Japanese Society of Chemotherapy and The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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