This review provides an up-to-date understanding about the regulation of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) expression and function. In particular, we will focus on its implication in renal Na+ and K+ handling and control of blood pressure using transgenic animal models.

In kidney, the highly amiloride-sensitive ENaC maintains whole body Na+ homeostasis by modulating Na+ transport via epithelia. This classical role is mostly confirmed using genetically engineered animal models. Recently identified key signaling pathways that regulate ENaC expression and function unveiled some nonclassical and unexpected channel regulatory processes. If aberrant, these dysregulated mechanisms may also result in the development of salt-dependent hypertension.

The purpose of this review is to highlight the most recent findings in renal ENaC regulation and function, in considering data obtained from animal models.

Increased ENaC-mediated Na+ transport is a prerequisite for salt-dependent forms of hypertension. To treat salt-sensitive hypertension it is crucial to fully understand the function and regulation of ENaC.