Available online 2 August 2022, 108282

A history of GDM increases the risk for macrovascular complications related to T2DM.

Those with history of GDM have a 2.5-fold risk for myocardial infarction.

Those with history of GDM may have a 2.2-fold risk for coronary artery disease.

While women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and at a younger age, it is unknown whether T2DM following GDM is associated with worse clinical outcomes. This study aims to examine the impact of GDM on subsequent development of long-term complications of T2DM.

All women with T2DM from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of US population, between 2007 and 2018 (n = 2494) were stratified into two groups: those with a history of GDM (n = 385) and those without (n = 2109). Rates of macrovascular and microvascular complications of T2DM were compared between the two groups using bivariate and multivariate analyses.

Of 2494 participants with T2DM included in the analysis, 385 (15.4 %) had a history of GDM and 2109 (84.6 %) did not. A history of GDM was independently associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction (aOR 2.53, 95%Cl: 1.18–5.40) and likely coronary artery disease (aOR 2.15, 95 % Cl: 1.00–4.66).

In this cohort, women with T2DM and a history of GDM had higher risk of macrovascular complications of myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease, compared to those with no history of gestational diabetes.

coronary artery disease

congestive heart failure

cerebrovascular accident

cardiovascular disease

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

GDM

T2DM

Macrovascular

Myocardial infarction

CAD

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