1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

2Shoulder and Elbow Mechanical Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

3Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

4Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

aEmail for corresponding author: [email protected]

Investigation performed at the Shoulder and Elbow Mechanical Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Disclosure: The Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest forms are provided with the online version of the article (https://links.lww.com/JBJS/H39).