Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Paraproteinemia Associated with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

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Article / Publication Details Abstract

Introduction: Data regarding the prevalence of paraproteinemia in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are lacking. Methods: To evaluate for paraproteinemia prevalence we undertook this cross-sectional study among consecutive chronic-phase CML patients. Complete blood count, chemistry, immunoglobulins, serum-free light chains, serum-protein electrophoresis and immunofixation were collected. Further analyses evaluated whether various patient, disease and treatment-related variables are associated with paraproteinemia. Results: One hundred patients, median age 63.5 (IQR 48.1-72) years were recruited. Median time from CML diagnosis to enrollment was 6.3 (IQR 2.3-11.3) years. Monoclonal-protein was detected in eight patients (8%), diagnosed with: smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM, n=2) and low-risk monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS, n=6). Six patients were on tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment, two were in treatment-free-remission. The only covariate associated with paraproteinemia was the presence of anemia, albeit with borderline statistical significance in univariate analysis (p=0.053) and when adjusted for age (p=0.056). Conclusions: In this largest study so far describing the prevalence of paraproteinemia among CML patients, we found MGUS prevalence to be higher than the 3.2% expected prevalence in the general-population above 50 years and a non-negligible prevalence of SMM (2%). Screening for paraproteinemia in CML patients, especially in the presence of anemia, should be considered.

S. Karger AG, Basel

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