Copyright: © 2022 Clarke, on behalf of the PLOS Biology Staff Editors. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.

Competing interests: The authors are current paid employees of the Public Library of Science.

The PLOS Biology Staff Editors are Ines Alvarez-Garcia, Joanna Clarke, Kris Dickson, Richard Hodge, Paula Jauregui, Nonia Pariente, Roland Roberts, and Lucas Smith.

July 20th 2022 marked the 200th anniversary of the birth of the scientist-monk J. Gregor Mendel, widely regarded as the founder of genetics. His experiments in selectively breeding pea plants and observing the way that different traits were passed on to each generation [1] paved the way for our current understanding of the principles that govern inheritance and have influenced present-day applications of genetic research, from in utero testing for genetically inherited diseases to genetically engineering crops to increase yields or nutritional content. Moreover, his meticulous approach to gathering and recording data is presented to biology students as a textbook example of the scientific method in practice.

In recognition of the legacy and impact of Mendel’s ground-breaking work, PLOS Biology has assembled a special collection of articles on the theme of ‘Mendel’s legacy in modern genetics’. In the collection, you will find Perspective articles from experts working across the field of genetics on how Mendel’s work has shaped their areas of interest [2,3,4], as well as an exploration of Mendel’s life and work as a scientist told through his own words [5]. The collection also contains Essays exploring different aspects and applications of modern genetics research; Sarah Garland and Helen Anne Curry use historical perspectives to ask whether gene editing of crops has lived up to its potential, charting the process from its early beginnings in Mendel’s work [6], and Laurence Hurst asks whether a greater understanding of selfish genetic elements, which do not adhere to the principles of Mendelian inheritance, can explain why so many human embryos have the wrong number of chromosomes and fail to develop [7].

The collection will be updated with content throughout the year, and we hope that you will take inspiration from our look back at Mendel’s original research and examination of how well it stands up to modern views on genetics. In the words of Eva Matalova in her sketch of Mendel’s life [5], “[t]o the present day, his ideas, modern attitude, and way of scientific critical thinking made his legacy ever living”.