Jin L, Seielstad M, Xiao C. Genetic, Linguistic and Archaeological Perspectives on Human Diversity in Southeast Asia. Kunming:  World Scientific; 2001.

Yang Z, Dong Y, Gao L, Cheng B, Yang J, Zeng W, et al. The distribution of Y chromosome haplogroups in the nationalities from Yunnan Province of China. Ann Hum Biol. 2005;32(1):80–7.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Hellenthal G, Busby GBJ, Band G, Wilson JF, Capelli C, Falush D, et al. A genetic atlas of human admixture history. Science. 2014;343(6172):747–51.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Pan Z, Xu S. Population genomics of East Asian ethnic groups. Hereditas. 2020;157(1):49.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Yao A. Recent Developments in the Archaeology of Southwestern China. J Archaeol Res. 2010;18:203–39.

Article  Google Scholar 

Allard F. Stirrings at the Periphery: History, Archaeology, and the Study of Dian. Int J Hist Archaeol. 1998;2:321–41.

Article  Google Scholar 

Wang Z. History of nationalities in China. Beijing: China Social Science Press; 1994.

Cang M. Study on the migration culture of the ethnic groups in Yunnan. Kunming: Yunnan Nationality Press; 1997.

Yao YG, Nie L, Harpending H, Fu YX, Yuan ZG, Zhang YP. Genetic relationship of Chinese ethnic populations revealed by mtDNA sequence diversity. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2002;118(1):63–76.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Jin L, Su B. Natives or immigrants: modern human origin in east Asia. Nat Rev Genet. 2000;1(2):126–33.

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Qi X, Cui C, Peng Y, Zhang X, Yang Z, Zhong H, et al. Genetic evidence of paleolithic colonization and neolithic expansion of modern humans on the tibetan plateau. Mol Biol Evol. 2013;30(8):1761–78.

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Wang CC, Wang LX, Shrestha R, Zhang M, Huang XY, Hu K, et al. Genetic structure of Qiangic populations residing in the western Sichuan corridor. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(8):e103772.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wang LX, Lu Y, Zhang C, Wei LH, Yan S, Huang YZ, et al. Reconstruction of Y-chromosome phylogeny reveals two neolithic expansions of Tibeto-Burman populations. Mol Genet Genomics. 2018;293(5):1293–300.

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Yao HB, Tang S, Yao X, Yeh HY, Zhang W, Xie Z, et al. The genetic admixture in Tibetan-Yi Corridor. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2017;164(3):522–32.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Wang Z, He G, Luo T, Zhao X, Liu J, Wang M, et al. Massively parallel sequencing of 165 ancestry informative SNPs in two Chinese Tibetan-Burmese minority ethnicities. Forensic Sci Int Genet. 2018;34:141–7.

PubMed  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wen B, Xie X, Gao S, Li H, Shi H, Song X, et al. Analyses of genetic structure of Tibeto-Burman populations reveals sex-biased admixture in southern Tibeto-Burmans. Am J Hum Genet. 2004;74(5):856–65.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Xu B, Guo J, Huang Y, Chen X, Deng X, Wang CC. The paternal genetic structure of Jingpo and Dai in southwest China. Ann Hum Biol. 2019;46(3):279–83.

PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Kiezun A, Garimella K, Do R, Stitziel NO, Neale BM, McLaren PJ, et al. Exome sequencing and the genetic basis of complex traits. Nat Genet. 2012;44(6):623–30.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Lee S, Emond MJ, Bamshad MJ, Barnes KC, Rieder MJ, Nickerson DA, et al. Optimal unified approach for rare-variant association testing with application to small-sample case-control whole-exome sequencing studies. Am J Hum Genet. 2012;91(2):224–37.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Flannick J, Mercader JM, Fuchsberger C, Udler MS, Mahajan A, Wessel J, et al. Exome sequencing of 20,791 cases of type 2 diabetes and 24,440 controls. Nature. 2019;570(7759):71–6.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Liu DJ, Peloso GM, Yu H, Butterworth AS, Wang X, Mahajan A, et al. Exome-wide association study of plasma lipids in >300,000 individuals. Nat Genet. 2017;49(12):1758–66.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Locke AE, Steinberg KM, Chiang CWK, Service SK, Havulinna AS, Stell L, et al. Exome sequencing of Finnish isolates enhances rare-variant association power. Nature. 2019;572(7769):323–8.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Tang CS, Zhang H, Cheung CY, Xu M, Ho JC, Zhou W, et al. Exome-wide association analysis reveals novel coding sequence variants associated with lipid traits in Chinese. Nat Commun. 2015;6:10206.

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Lettre G, Hirschhorn JN. Small island, big genetic discoveries. Nat Genet. 2015;47(11):1224–5.

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Avila-Arcos MC, McManus KF, Sandoval K, Rodriguez-Rodriguez JE, Villa-Islas V, Martin AR, et al. Population History and Gene Divergence in Native Mexicans Inferred from 76 Human Exomes. Mol Biol Evol. 2020;37(4):994–1006.

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Kristiansson K, Naukkarinen J, Peltonen L. Isolated populations and complex disease gene identification. Genome Biol. 2008;9(8):109.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Olson J. An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of China. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group; 1998.

Cann HM, de Toma C, Cazes L, Legrand MF, Morel V, Piouffre L, et al. A human genome diversity cell line panel. Science. 2002;296(5566):261–2.

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Bergstrom A, McCarthy SA, Hui R, Almarri MA, Ayub Q, Danecek P, et al. Insights into human genetic variation and population history from 929 diverse genomes. Science. 2020;367(6484):eaay5012.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Genomes Project Consortium. A global reference for human genetic variation. Nature. 2015;526(7571):68–74.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Alexander DH, Novembre J, Lange K. Fast model-based estimation of ancestry in unrelated individuals. Genome Res. 2009;19(9):1655–64.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Gutenkunst RN, Hernandez RD, Williamson SH, Bustamante CD. Inferring the joint demographic history of multiple populations from multidimensional SNP frequency data. PLoS Genet. 2009;5(10):e1000695.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Pickrell JK, Pritchard JK. Inference of population splits and mixtures from genome-wide allele frequency data. PLoS Genet. 2012;8(11):e1002967.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Browning SR, Browning BL. Accurate Non-parametric Estimation of Recent Effective Population Size from Segments of Identity by Descent. Am J Hum Genet. 2015;97(3):404–18.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

McEvoy BP, Powell JE, Goddard ME, Visscher PM. Human population dispersal “Out of Africa” estimated from linkage disequilibrium and allele frequencies of SNPs. Genome Res. 2011;21(6):821–9.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Wang Y, Lu D, Chung YJ, Xu S. Genetic structure, divergence and admixture of Han Chinese Japanese and Korean populations. Hereditas. 2018;155:19.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Sherry ST, Ward MH, Kholodov M, Baker J, Phan L, Smigielski EM, et al. dbSNP: the NCBI database of genetic variation. Nucleic Acids Res. 2001;29(1):308–11.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

Lek M, Karczewski KJ, Minikel EV, Samocha KE, Banks E, Fennell T, et al. Analysis of protein-coding genetic variation in 60,706 humans. Nature. 2016;536(7616):285–91.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

McLaren W, Gil L, Hunt SE, Riat HS, Ritchie GR, Thormann A, et al. The Ensembl Variant Effect Predictor. Genome Biol. 2016;17(1):122.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kumar P, Henikoff S, Ng PC. Predicting the effects of coding non-synonymous variants on protein function using the SIFT algorithm. Nat Protoc. 2009;4(7):1073–81.

CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

Adzhubei IA, Schmidt S, Peshkin L, Ramensky VE, Gerasimova A, Bork P, et al. A method and server for predicting damaging missense mutations. Nat Methods. 2010;7(4):248–9.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Article