Libero LE, Schaer M, Li DD, Amaral DG, Nordahl CW. A longitudinal study of local gyrification index in young boys with autism spectrum disorder. Cereb Cortex. 2019;29(6):2575–87.

Article  Google Scholar 

Hazlett HC, Ph D, Gu H, Ph D, Munsell BC, Ph D, et al. Early brain development in infants at high risk for autism spectrum disorder. Nature. 2017;542(7641):348–51.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Ronald A, Hoekstra RA. Autism spectrum disorders and autistic traits: a decade of new twin studies. Am J Med Genet Part B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2011;156(3):255–74.

Article  Google Scholar 

Blanken LME, Mous SE, Ghassabian A, Muetzel RL, Schoemaker NK, El Marroun H, et al. Cortical morphology in 6- to 10-year old children with autistic traits: a population-based neuroimaging study. Am J Psychiatry. 2015;172(5):479–86.

Article  Google Scholar 

Alemany S, Blok E, Jansen PR, Muetzel RL, White T. Brain morphology, autistic traits, and polygenic risk for autism: a population-based neuroimaging study. Autism Res. 2021;14:2085–99.

Article  Google Scholar 

Yang DY-J, Beam D, Pelphrey KA, Abdullahi S, Jou RJ. Cortical morphological markers in children with autism: a structural magnetic resonance imaging study of thickness, area, volume, and gyrification. Mol Autism. 2016;7:11.

Article  Google Scholar 

Libero LE, DeRamus TP, Deshpande HD, Kana RK. Surface-based morphometry of the cortical architecture of autism spectrum disorders: volume, thickness, area, and gyrification. Neuropsychologia. 2014;62(1):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.07.001.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zielinski BA, Prigge MBD, Nielsen JA, Froehlich AL, Abildskov TJ, Anderson JS, et al. Longitudinal changes in cortical thickness in autism and typical development. Brain. 2014;137(6):1799–812.

Article  Google Scholar 

Mihailov A, Philippe C, Gloaguen A, Grigis A, Laidi C, Piguet C, et al. Cortical signatures in behaviorally clustered autistic traits subgroups: a population-based study. Transl Psychiatry. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-00894-3.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Schaer M, Ottet M-C, Scariati E, Dukes D, Franchini M, Eliez S, et al. Decreased frontal gyrification correlates with altered connectivity in children with autism. Front Hum Neurosci. 2013;7:750.

Article  Google Scholar 

Gharehgazlou A, Freitas C, Ameis SH, Taylor MJ, Lerch JP, Radua J, et al. Cortical gyrification morphology in individuals with ASD and ADHD across the lifespan: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cereb Cortex. 2021;31(5):2653–69.

Article  Google Scholar 

Wallace GL, Robustelli B, Dankner N, Kenworthy L, Giedd JN, Martin A. Increased gyrification, but comparable surface area in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Brain. 2013;136(6):1956–67.

Article  Google Scholar 

Prigge MBD, Lange N, Bigler ED, King JB, Dean DC, Adluru N, et al. A 16-year study of longitudinal volumetric brain development in males with autism. Neuroimage. 2021;236:118067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118067.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mills KL, Lalonde F, Clasen LS, Giedd JN, Blakemore SJ. Developmental changes in the structure of the social brain in late childhood and adolescence. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2014;9(1):123–31.

Article  Google Scholar 

Muetzel RL, Blanken LME, van der Ende J, El Marroun H, Shaw P, Sudre G, et al. Tracking brain development and dimensional psychiatric symptoms in children: a longitudinal population-based neuroimaging study. Am J Psychiatry. 2018;175(1):54–62.

Article  Google Scholar 

Jaddoe VWV, Van Duijn CM, Franco OH, Van Der Heijden AJ, Van Zendoorn MH, De Jongste JC, et al. The generation r study: design and cohort update 2012. Eur J Epidemiol. 2012;27(9):739–56.

Article  Google Scholar 

White T, El Marroun H, Nijs I, Schmidt M, van der Lugt A, Wielopolki PA, et al. Pediatric population-based neuroimaging and the Generation R Study: the intersection of developmental neuroscience and epidemiology. Eur J Epidemiol. 2013;28(1):99–111.

Article  Google Scholar 

White T, Muetzel RL, El Marroun H, Blanken LME, Jansen P, Bolhuis K, et al. Paediatric population neuroimaging and the Generation R Study: the second wave. Eur J Epidemiol. 2018;33(1):99–125.

Article  Google Scholar 

Jansen PR, Dremmen M, van den Berg A, Dekkers IA, Blanken LME, Muetzel RL, et al. Incidental findings on brain imaging in the general pediatric population. N Engl J Med. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc1710724.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Constantino JN, Davis SA, Todd RD, Schindler MK, Gross MM, Brophy SL, et al. Validation of a brief quantitative measure of autistic traits: comparison of the social responsiveness scale with the autism diagnostic interview-revised. J Autism Dev Disord. 2003;33(4):427–33.

Article  Google Scholar 

Constantino JN GC. Social responsiveness scale (SRS); manual. West Psychol Serv. 2005.

Fischl B. FreeSurfer. Neuroimage. 2012;62(2):774–81.

Article  Google Scholar 

Oldfield RC. The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia. 1971;9(1):97–113.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

White T, Jansen PR, Muetzel RL, Sudre G, El Marroun H, Tiemeier H, et al. Automated quality assessment of structural magnetic resonance images in children: comparison with visual inspection and surface-based reconstruction. Hum Brain Mapp. 2018;39(3):1218–31.

Article  Google Scholar 

Rc T. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: Austria R Found Stat Comput; 2013. p. 2541.

Google Scholar 

van Buuren S, Groothuis-Oudshoorn K. mice: multivariate imputation by chained equations in R. J Stat Softw. 2011;45(3):1–67.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lamballais S, Muetzel RL. QDECR: a flexible, extensible vertex-wise analysis framework in R. Front Neuroinform. 2021;15:1–10.

Article  Google Scholar 

Beggiato A, Peyre H, Maruani A, Scheid I, Rastam M, Amsellem F, et al. Gender differences in autism spectrum disorders: divergence among specific core symptoms. Autism Res. 2017;10(4):680–9.

Article  Google Scholar 

Haynes W. Bonferroni correction. In: Dubitzky W, Wolkenhauer O, Cho K-H, Yokota H, editors. Encyclopedia of systems biology. New York: Springer New York; 2013. p. 154. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9863-7_1213.

Chapter  Google Scholar 

Greve DN, Fischl B. False positive rates in surface-based anatomical analysis. Neuroimage. 2018;171:6–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.072.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rosseel Y. lavaan: an R package for structural equation modeling. J Stat Softw. 2012;48:1–36.

Article  Google Scholar 

Grzadzinski R, Di Martino A, Brady E, Mairena MA, O’Neale M, Petkova E, et al. Examining autistic traits in children with ADHD: does the Autism Spectrum Extend to ADHD? J Autism Dev Disord. 2011;41(9):1178–91.

Article  Google Scholar 

Hyseni F, Blanken LME, Muetzel R, Verhulst FC, Tiemeier H, White T. Autistic traits and neuropsychological performance in 6- to-10-year-old children: a population-based study. Child Neuropsychol. 2019;25(3):352–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2018.1465543.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Piven J, Nehme E, Simon J, Barta P, Pearlson G, Folstein SE. Magnetic resonance imaging in autism: measurement of the cerebellum, pons, and fourth ventricle. Biol Psychiatry. 1992;31(5):491–504.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Courchesne E, Yeung-Courchesne R, Press GA, Hesselink JR, Jernigan TL. Hypoplasia of cerebellar vermal lobules VI and VII in autism. Sci Ment Heal Autism. 2013;2:197–202.

Google Scholar 

Yang X, Si T, Gong Q, Qiu L, Jia Z, Zhou M, et al. Brain gray matter alterations and associated demographic profiles in adults with autism spectrum disorder: a meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2016;50(8):741–53.

Article  Google Scholar 

Hegarty JP, Pegoraro LFL, Lazzeroni LC, Raman MM, Hallmayer JF, Monterrey JC, et al. Genetic and environmental influences on structural brain measures in twins with autism spectrum disorder. Mol Psychiatry. 2020;25(10):2556–66. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-018-0330-z.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Castelbaum L, Sylvester CM, Zhang Y, Yu Q, Constantino JN. On the nature of monozygotic twin concordance and discordance for autistic trait severity: a quantitative analysis. Behav Genet. 2020;50(4):263–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10519-019-09987-2.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Van Overwalle F, D’aes T, Mariën P. Social cognition and the cerebellum: a meta-analytic connectivity analysis. Hum Brain Mapp. 2015;36(12):5137–54.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lau T, Gershman SJ, Cikara M. Social structure learning in human anterior insula. Elife. 2020;9:1–17.

Google Scholar 

Di Martino A, Ross K, Uddin LQ, Sklar AB, Xavier F, Milham MP. Functional brain correlates of social and nonsocial processes in autism spectrum disorders.pdf. Biol Psychiatry. 2010;65(1):63–74.

Article  Google Scholar 

Deen B, Koldewyn K, Kanwisher N, Saxe R. Functional organization of social perception and cognition in the superior temporal sulcus. Cereb Cortex. 2015;25(11):4596–609.

Article  Google Scholar 

Dapretto M, Davies MS, Pfeifer JH, Scott AA, Sigman M, Bookheimer SY, et al. Understanding emotions in others: mirror neuron dysfunction in children with autism spectrum disorders. Nat Neurosci. 2006;9(1):28–30.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Assaf M, Hyatt CJ, Wong CG, Johnson MR, Schultz RT, Hendler T, et al. Mentalizing and motivation neural function during social interactions in autism spectrum disorders. NeuroImage Clin. 2013;3:321–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2013.09.005.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hoffmann E, Brück C, Kreifelts B, Ethofer T, Wildgruber D. Reduced functional connectivity to the frontal cortex during processing of social cues in autism spectrum disorder. J Neural Transm. 2016;123(8):937–47.

Article  Google Scholar 

Groussard M, Viader F, Landeau B, Desgranges B, Eustache F, Platel H. The effects of musical practice on structural plasticity: The dynamics of grey matter changes. Brain Cogn. 2014;90:174–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2014.06.013.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jaddoe VWV, Van Duijn CM, Van Der Heijden AJ, MacKenbach JP, Moll HA, Steegers EAP, et al. The Generation R Study: design and cohort update 2010. Eur J Epidemiol. 2010;25(11):823–41.

Article  Google Scholar