Clinical progress in MSC-based therapies for the management of severe COVID-19

COVID-19

Coronavirus Disease of 2019

MSCs

mesenchymal stromal cells

ARDS

acute respiratory distress syndrome

SARS-CoV-2

severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

NIH

national institutes of health

EVs

extracellular vesicles

FDA

food and drug administration

TNF-α

tumor necrosis factor-α

IP-10

inducible protein 10

GM-CSF

granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor

MCP-1

monocyte chemoattractant protein-1

AST

aspartate aminotransferase

ALT

alanine aminotransferase

ACE2

angiotensin converting enzyme 2

AT2

type 2 alveolar cells of the lungs

FGF

fibroblast growth factor

TGF

transforming growth factor

VEGF

vascular endothelial growth factor

BALF

bronchoalveolar lavage fluid

G-CSF

granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

NETs

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps

ROS

reactive oxygen species

CD

cluster of differentiation

IDO

indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase

STAT3

signal transducer activators of transcription-3

IL1Ra

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist

TSG-6

TNF-α-stimulating gene 6

MAPK

mitogen-activated protein kinase

NF-κB

nuclear factor-kappa B

TGF-β1

transforming growth factor-β1

HGF

hepatocyte growth factor

KGF

keratinocyte growth factor

PD-1

programmed cell death protein 1

PD-L1

programmed death ligand-1

cAMP

cyclic adenosine monophosphate

HLA

human leukocyte antigen

MHC

major histocompatibility complex

GvHD

acute graft-versus-host disease

UC-MSCs

umbilical cord derived MSCs

PLX-PAD

placental expanded

MIS-C

multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children

BM-MSCs

bone marrow derived MSCs

AT-MSCs

Adipose Tissue derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Allo-MSCs

Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

WJ-MSCs

Wharton’s Jelly–derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

HB-AT-MSCs

Hope Biosciences autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells

DW-MSCs

Daewoong Pharmaceutical’s Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

DSCs

Placenta-derived decidua stromal cells

PL-MSCs

Placental-derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells, MB-MSCs, Menstrual blood-derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

IMV

Invasive mechanical ventilation

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