KSHV-associated diseases are prime targets for immunotherapy.

KSHV-associated diseases are associated with immune suppression and dysregulation.

KSHV can modulate host immune regulation and activate inflammatory pathways.

Promising immunotherapies have been or are under investigation in these diseases.

These include monoclonal antibodies, immunomodulatory agents, and cytokines.

Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV)-associated diseases (Kaposi sarcoma, multicentric Castleman disease, primary effusion lymphoma, and KSHV inflammatory cytokine syndrome) are associated with immune suppression and dysregulation and loss of KSHV-specific immunity. These diseases are most frequent in people living with HIV as well as those with primary or iatrogenic immune deficiencies. KSHV itself can modulate the immune system via viral homologs of host cytokines or downregulation of immune-surface markers altering host immune surveillance. These factors make KSHV-associated diseases prime targets for immunotherapy approaches. Several agents have been studied or are under investigation in KSHV-associated diseases, including monoclonal antibodies, immunomodulatory agents, and therapeutic cytokines. Here, we review the role of immunotherapies in KSHV-associated diseases.

Published by Elsevier B.V.