Light-driven carbon fixation shows great potential in reducing carbon emissions.
•Light capture supporting available photons broadens carbon fixation power sources.
•Reducing power from photoelectrons is a direct driving force of carbon fixation.
•Energy synthesis matches the thermodynamic requirement of carbon fixation optimally.
Light-driven carbon fixation is a promising option for reducing carbon emissions and alleviating the energy crisis. However, light energy conversion is a major limitation for supporting efficient downstream CO2 fixation pathways. Based on biomimetic technology and synthetic biology, we elaborate on new light-driven technologies in engineered bacteria from three aspects: light energy capture, reducing power generation, and energy generation. In this review, we focus on the current progress in light-driven carbon fixation and discuss new methods with great potential for industrial bioproduction, providing guidance for the development and improvement of bacterial light-driven platforms to convert CO2 into value-added chemicals.
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