Student performance and perceptions of anatomy and physiology across face-to-face, hybrid, and online teaching lab styles

Health science represents the fastest-growing industry in the US, a trend not predicted to slow for the next decade. The high demand for health professionals has led to increased demand for Anatomy & Physiology (A&P) courses and a transition to hybrid style labs to meet the necessary increased enrollment without increasing the need for lab space and compromising educational quality. The transition to hybrid style labs has only accelerated and become more important with the COVID-19 pandemic. It has been relatively unclear, however, how the hybrid style has impacted student learning, satisfaction, and performance. Furthermore, there is a general lack of research investigating the advantages and disadvantages across hybrid, online, and face-to-face styles. This lack of research is particularly obvious within biological sciences, including A&P. I compared attendance, practical grades, and overall grades between face-to-face, hybrid, and online A&P lab styles. I administered a survey to compare student perceptions and experiences between hybrid and online lab styles. The hybrid style had many of the same advantages as online and face-to-face styles, yet very few disadvantages. Hybrid lab students reported better experiences, greater satisfaction, attended more labs, and outperformed online lab students. Face-to-face lab students, however, outperformed hybrid lab students. These findings can ultimately inform how to best implement, organize, and improve hybrid style labs to maximize student learning, achievement, and enjoyment.

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