Nurse practitioners' involvement and experience with AI-based health technologies: A systematic review

Elsevier

Available online 26 June 2022, 151604

Applied Nursing ResearchAbstractBackground

Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging in healthcare in various forms, including AI-based clinical decision support systems, machine learning, computer vision, natural language processing, big data analytics and AI-enhanced robotics. Given their potential impact on clinical processes and decision-making, AI-based health technologies (AIHT) are now seen to have a transformative effect on the nursing and medical professions, and on advanced nursing practice in particular.

Aims

While nurse practitioners (NPs) are increasingly called upon to play a crucial role in improving the healthcare provided to the population, little is known about the nature, extent and outcomes of their involvement and experience with AIHT. This study's research objectives are twofold. First, it aims to characterize NPs' involvement and experience with AIHT in terms of the functional and clinical attributes of the AIHT-based systems and applications that have emerged in advanced nursing care settings, and of the clinical tasks of NPs targeted for support by these systems and applications. Second, it aims to characterize this involvement and experience with AIHT in terms of its expected impacts on the clinical activities and performance of NPs, and of its potential outcomes for NPs' patients and for the general population.

Method

We thus contribute to advanced practice nursing research by carrying out an initial evaluation of the role played by NPs in the emergence of these technologies, by means of a systematic review of the literature.

Findings

This review demonstrates that NPs, acting alone or in collaboration with physicians and other healthcare professionals, participate in the development and evaluation of various AI-based decision-making and predictive tools in primary, hospital and emergency care settings. This participation involves NPs as diagnostic and therapeutic experts whose clinical activities, decision-making and performance can be significantly impacted by their adoption and assimilation of AIHT.

Keywords

Nurse practitioner

Advances nursing practice

Artificial intelligence

Machine learning

Clinical decision support

Outcome prediction

Systematic review

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