The authors sincerely thank all collaborators of the study for participation in the survey.

The WSES COVID-19 emergency surgery survey collaboration group (only those who agree are listed as collaborators)

Adam Peckham-Cooper, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, United Kingdom

Adrian Camacho-Ortiz, Hospital Epidemiology and Infectious diseases, Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio Gonzalez, Monterrey, Mexico

Aikaterini T. Mastoraki, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon Hospital, Greece

Aitor Landaluce-Olavarria, Alfredo Espinosa Urduliz Hospital, Spain

Ajay Kumar Pal, King George's Medical University, India

Akira Kuriyama, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Japan

Alain Chichom-Mefire, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Cameroon

Alberto Porcu, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy

Aleix Martínez-Pérez, Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain

Aleksandar R. Karamarkovic, Surgical Clinic "Nikola Spasic" - UCC Zvezdara Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade, Serbia

Aleksei V. Osipov, Department of urgent surgery, Scientific research institute of emergency medicine, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Alessandro Coppola, General Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Italy

Alessandro Cucchetti, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC; University of Bologna, Italy

Alessandro Spolini, UOC Chirurgia Generale Sondrio ASST Valtellina-Alto Lario, Italy

Alessio Giordano, General Surgery unit, Nuovo Ospedale S. Stefano, Prato, Italy

Alexander Reinisch-Liese, Department of General, Viszeral and Oncologic Surgery, Klinikum Wetzlar,Teaching Hospital of JLU Giessen, Wetzlar, Germany

Alfie J. Kavalakat, Jubilee Mission Medical College & RI, Thrissur, India

Alin Vasilescu, Department of Surgery, St Spiridon University Hospital, “Grigore T Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania

Amin Alamin, General surgery department, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, United Kingdom

Amit Gupta, Department of Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Rishikesh, India

Ana Maria Dascalu, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania

Ana-Maria Musina, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa Iasi/ Regional Institute of Oncology Iasi, Romania

Anargyros Bakopoulos, Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

Andee Dzulkarnaen Zakaria, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences & Hospital USM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia

Andras Vereczkei, Department of Surgery, Medical Center, University of Pécs, Hungary

Andrea Balla, UOC of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Hospital “San Paolo”, Largo Donatori del Sangue 1, Civitavecchia, Rome, Italy

Andrea Bottari, Chirurgia dell'Apparato Digerente, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Firenze, Italy

Andreas Baumann, Neurosurgical Department, Cologne Merheim Medical Center, Universitiy of Witten Herdecke, Germany

Andreas Fette, PS_SS, Weissach im Tal, Germany

Andrey Litvin, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Regional Clinical Hospital, Kaliningrad, Russia

Aniella Katharina Reichert, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Giessen, Giessen, Germany

Anna Guariniello, Emergency Surgery Ravenna Hospital, Italy

Anna Paspala, Evgenideio Hospital, Athens, Greece

Anne-Sophie Schneck, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Guadeloupe, Guadeloupe

Antonio Brillantino, Emergency Surgery Department, "A. Cardarelli" hospital, via Cardarelli 9, 80131 Naples, Italy

Antonio Pesce, AUSL of Ferrara - University of Ferrara, Italy

Arda Isik, Istanbul medeniyet university, Turkey

Ari Kalevi Leppäniemi, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland

Aristeidis Papadopoulos, General Hospital of Nikaia, Greece

Aristotelis Kechagias, Department of General Surgery, Kanta-Häme Central Hospital, Finland

Ashraf yehya abdalla Mohamed, General Surgery Department, Buraimi Hospital, Buraimi, Oman

Ashrarur Rahman Mitul, Bangladesh Shishu Hospital & Institute, Bangladesh

Athanasios Marinis, Third Department of Surgery, Tzaneio General Hospital, Piraeus, Greece

Athanasios Syllaios, Laiko General Hospital, Greece

Baris Mantoglu, Sakarya Medical Faculty, Turkey

Belinda De Simone, Department of Emergency, digestive and metabolic minimally invasive surgery, Poissy and Saint Germain en Laye Hospitals, France

Benjamin Stefan Weiss, Department for Adult and Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen, Giessen, Germany

Bernd Pösentrup, Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, Children´s Hospital, Klinikum Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany

Biagio Picardi, San Filippo Neri ASL Roma 1, Italy

Biagio Zampogna, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy

Boris Eugeniev Sakakushev, Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, Medical University of Plovdiv, Department of Surgical Propedeutics, Section of General Surgery, UMHAT St George Plovdiv, First Clinic of General Surgery, Bulgaria

Boyko Chavdarov Atanasov, Umhat Eurohospital, Medical university of Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Bruno Nardo, Annunziata Hospital, Unversity of Calabria, Italy

Bulent Calik, University of Healthy Sciences Izmir Bozyaka Education and Research Hospital, General Surgery Department, Turkey

Camilla Cremonini, Pisa university hospital, Italy

Carlos A. Ordoñez, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Fundacion Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia

Charalampos Seretis, General University Hospital of Patras, Greece

Chiara Cascone, Fondazione Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Italy

Christos Chouliaras, 1st Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Nikaia, Piraeus, Greece

Cino Bendinelli, John Hunter Hospital. Newcastle, NSW, Australia

Claudia Lopes, Hospital Universitario Donostia-Osakidetza, Spain

Claudio Guerci, Ospedale Luigi Sacco, Italy

Clemens Weber, Department of Neurosurgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway

Constantinos Nastos, Attikon University Hospital, Greece

Cristian Mesina, Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, Romania

Damiano Caputo, Department of Surgery University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Italy

Damien Massalou, Acute care surgery, University Hospital of Nice, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France

Davide Cavaliere, Department of Surgery, Forlì Hospital - AUSL della Romagna, Italy

Deborah A McNamara, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ireland

Demetrios Demetriades, USC School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States

Desirè Pantalone, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University of Florence, University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy

Diego Coletta, AO Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord, Department of General Surgery, Italy

Diego Sasia, General and Oncological Surgery Unit, Santa Croce and Carle Hospital, Cuneo, Italy

Diego Visconti, Chirurgia Generals d´Urgenza e PS, AOU Cittá della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy

Dieter G. Weber, Department of General Surgery, Royal Perth Hospital & The University of Western Australia, Australia

Diletta Corallino, Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialities „Paride Stefanini“, Sapienza, University of Rome, Italy

Dimitrios Chatzipetris, Department of Surgery, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece

Dimitrios K. Manatakis, Department of Surgery, Athens Naval and Veterans Hospital, Athens, Greece

Dimitrios Ntourakis, School of Medicine, Division of Surgery, European University Cyprus, Greece

Dimitrios Papaconstantinou, Attikon University Hospital, 3rd Department of Surgery, Greece

Dimitrios Schizas, First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

Dimosthenis Chrysikos, First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippocration Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

Dmitry Mikhailovich Adamovich, Department of Surgical Diseases II, Gomel State Medical University, Gomel, Belarus

Doaa Elkafrawy, Kafersaad general hospital, Egypt

Dragos Seban, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila Bucharest & 4th Surgery Department of University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

Edgar Fernando Hernández García, Cirugía de trauma, Hospital Central Militar, Ciudad de México, Mexico

Edoardo Baldini, Ospedale Santa Maria delle Stelle, Melzo, Italy

Edoardo Picetti, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy

Edward C.T.H. Tan, Radboud university medical center, Department of Surgery, Netherlands

Efstratia Baili, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom

Eftychios Lostoridis, Kavala General Hospital, Kavala, Greece

Elena Adelina Toma, Surgery Department, UMF Carol Davila Bucharest, Romania

Elif Colak, University of Samsun, Turkey

Elisabetta Cerutti, Department of Anesthesia and Transplant Surgical Intensive care, Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy

Elmin Steyn, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, South Africa

Elmuiz A. Hsabo, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom

Emmanouil Ioannis Kapetanakis, Department of Thoracic Surgery, “Attikon” University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

Emmanouil Kaouras, Department of Surgery, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece

Emmanuel Schneck, Department of Anesthesiology, Operative Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital of Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, Giessen, Germany

Emrah Akin, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey

Emre Gonullu, General Surgery, Sakarya training and research hospital, Sakarya, Turkey

Enes çelik, Derik State Hospital, Turkey

Enrico Cicuttin, General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy

Enrico Pinotti, Policlinico San Pietro, Italy

Erik Johnsson, Department of Surgery, Sahlgren University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

Ernest E. Moore, Director of Research Ernest E Moore Shock Trauma Center at Denver Health, United States

Ervis Agastra, Regional Hospital of Korce, Albania

Evgeni Nikolaev Dimitrov, Department of Surgical Diseases, University Hospital "Prof. Dr. Stoyan Kirkovich" Stara Zagora, Bulgaria

Ewen A Griffiths, Department of Upper GI Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Fabrizio D'Acapito, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Italy

Federica Saraceno, UOC of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Hospital „San Paolo“, Largo Donatori del Sangue 1, Civitavecchia, Rome, Italy

Felipe Alconchel, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital (IMIB-Arrixaca), Spain

Felix Alexander Zeppernick, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Giessen, Giessen, Germany

Fernando Machado Rodríguez, Departamento de Emergencia, Hospital de Clínicas „Dr. Manuel Quintela“ - Facutad de Medicina de la UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay

Fikri Abu-Zidan, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates

Francesca Pecchini, Division of General Surgery, Emergency and New Technologies, Ospedale Civile Baggiovara, AOU, Modena, Italy

Francesco Favi, UOC Chirurgia Generale e DÚrgenza Cesena Ausl della Romagna, Italy

Francesco Ferrara, Department of Surgery, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy

Francesco Fleres, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Evolutive Age “Gaetano Barresi”, Section of General and Emergency Surgery, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

Francesco Pata, Department of Surgery, Nicola Giannettasio Hospital, Corigliano-Rossano, Italy

Francesco Pietro Maria Roscio, ASST Valle Olona Busto Arsizio, Italy

Francesk Mulita, Department of Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, Greece

Frank J. M. F. Dor, 1. Imperial College Renal and Transplant Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, 2. Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

Fredrik Linder, Department of Surgical Sciences, Emergency Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

Gabriel Dimofte, Institutul Regional de Oncologie Iasi, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie „Grigore T. Popa“ Iasi, Romania

Gabriel Rodrigues, General Surgery, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India

Gabriela Nita, Sant'Anna Hospital, AUSL Reggio Emilia, Italy

Gabriele Sganga, Emergency Surgery & Trauma, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy

Gennaro Martines, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico Bari, Italy

Gennaro Mazzarella, Department of Emergency Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

Gennaro Perrone, Department of emergency surgery, Parma Maggiore Hospital, Parma, Italy

George Velmahos, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Georgios D. Lianos, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, Greece

Gia Tomadze, Surgery Department of Tbilisi State Medical University, Georgia

Gian Luca Baiocchi, UOC General Surgery, ASST Cremona; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy

Giancarlo D'Ambrosio, Policlinico Umberto I, Univeristà La Sapienza, Roma, Italy

Gianluca Pellino, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy

Gianmaria Casoni Pattacini, Division of General Surgery, Emergency and New Technologies, Ospedale Civile Baggiovara, AOU, Modena, Italy

Giorgio Giraudo, Department of Surgery ASO Santa Croce e Carle Cuneo, Italy

Giorgio Lisi, Department of Surgery, Sant'Eugenio Hospital, piazzale dell'umanesimo 10, Rome, Italy

Giovanni Domenico Tebala, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom

Giovanni Pirozzolo, Ospedale dell'Angelo - ULSS3 Serenissima – Venice, Italy

Giulia Montori, General surgery, Vittorio Veneto hospital (TV), Italy

Giulio Argenio, UOC Chirurgia Generale ed Oncologica, AO San Pio, Benevento, Italy

Giuseppe Brisinda, Department of Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS and Università Cattolica S. Cuore, Rome, Italy

Giuseppe Currò, AOU Mater Domini Catanzaro - Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Italy

Giuseppe Giuliani, Department of general and emergency surgery, Misericordia Hospital, Grosseto, Italy

Giuseppe Palomba, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy

Giuseppe Roscitano, University of Catania, Italy

Gökhan Avşar, Ankara university faculty of medicine department of surgical oncology, Turkey

Goran Augustin, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Croatia

Guglielmo Clarizia, UOC Chirurgia Generale, PO Sondrio, ASST Valtellina e Alto Lario, Italy

Gustavo M. Machain Vega, University of Asuncion, Faculty of Medical Sciences, II Chair and Service of General Surgery Hospital de Clinicas FCM, Paraguay

Gustavo P. Fraga, Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Brazil

Harsheet Sethi, Acute Surgical Unit, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

Hazim Abdulnassir Eltyeb, General Surgery, Health Education North East, United Kingdom

Helmut A. Segovia Lohse, II Cátedra de Clínica Quirúrgica. Hospital de Clínicas. Universidad Nacional de Asunción. San Lorenzo, Paraguay

Herald René Segovia Lohse, II Cátedra de Clínica Quirúrgica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay

Hüseyin Bayhan, Mardin Training and Research Hospital, Turkey

Hytham K. S. Hamid, Kuwaiti Specialized Hospital, Sudan

Igor A. Kryvoruchko, Kharkiv National Medical University, Ukraine

Immacolata Iannone, Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico Umberto I, Roma, Italy

Imtiaz Wani, Govt Gousia Hospital, Srinagar, India

Ioannis I. Lazaridis, Clarunis, Department of Visceral Surgery, University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Ioannis Katsaros, Department of Surgery, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Pireaus, Greece

Ioannis Nikolopoulos, Lewisham & Greenwich NHS Trust, United Kingdom

Ionut Negoi, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Romania

Isabella Reccia, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital, Imerpial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Isidoro Di Carlo, University of Catania, Italy

Iyiade Olatunde Olaoye, Surgery Department, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria

Jacek Czepiel, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland

Jae Il Kim, Department of Surgery, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, South Korea

Jeremy Meyer, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

Jesus Manuel Saenz Terrazas, Senior Surgeon for the International Committee of the Red Cross, Nigeria

Joel Noutakdie Tochie, Anaesthesiologist and Intensive Care Physician, Laquintinie Hospital of Douala, Douala, Cameroon

Joseph M. Galante, University of California, Davis, United States

Justin Davies, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom

Kapil Sugand, Imperial College London, United Kingdom

Kebebe Bekele Gonfa, Maddawalabu University Goba Referral Hospital, Ethiopia

Kemal Rasa, Anadolu Medical Center Hospital affiliated with Johns Hopkins Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey

Kenneth Y. Y. Kok, Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Saadatul Bolkiah Institue of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei darussalam, Brunei

Konstantinos G. Apostolou, 1st Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece

Konstantinos Lasithiotakis, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece

Konstantinos Tsekouras, Sismanogleio General Hospital, Athens, Greece

Kumar Angamuthu, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infection Prevention & Control, Almana General Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia

Lali Akhmeteli, Tbilisi State Medical University, Georgia

Larysa Sydorchuk, Bukovinian State Medical University, Ukraine

Laura Fortuna, General Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), Largo Giovanni Alessandro Brambilla, Firenze (FI), Italy

Leandro Siragusa, Department of Surgery, Università degli studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Italy

Leonardo Pagani, Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, Infectious Diseases Branch, Bolzano Central Hospital, Italy

Leonardo Solaini, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy

Lisa A. Miller, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker, MD School of Medicine, United States

Lovenish Bains, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India

Luca Ansaloni, San Matteo Hospital, Pavia, Italy

Luca Ferrario, General Surgery Trauma Team ASST-GOM Niguarda, Milan, Italy

Luigi Bonavina, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Division of General and Foregut Surgery, University of Milan, Italy

Luigi Conti, Acute care Surgery Unit , Department of Surgery, AUSL Piacenza, Italy

Luis Antonio Buonomo, Hospital Zonal de Agudos "Dr. Alberto Balestrini", Argentina

Luis Tallon-Aguilar, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Spain

Lukas Tomczyk, Department of general and visceral surgery, General Hospital Lich, Germany

Lukas Werner Widmer, Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

Maciej Walędziak, Military Institute of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Poland

Mahir Gachabayov, Vladimir City Emergency Hospital, Russia

Maloni Bulanauca, Department of Surgery, Labasa Hospital, Fiji

Manu L.N.G. Malbrain, Intensive Care Medicine, International Fluid Academy, Lovenjoel, Belgium and First Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Medical University of Lubin, Poland

Marc Maegele, Department for Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Cologne-Merheim Medical Center (CMMC), Institute for Research in Operative Medicine (IFOM), University Witten-Herdecke (UW/H), Campus Cologne-Merheim, Ostmerheimerstr. 200, Cologne, Germany

Marco Catarci, Ospedale Sandro Pertini, Roma, Italy

Marco Ceresoli, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy

Maria Chiara Ranucci, Azienda ospedaliera Santa Maria di Terni, Italy

Maria Ioanna Antonopoulou, Naval and Veteran Hospital of Crete, Greece

Maria Papadoliopoulou, General University Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece

Maria Rosaria Valenti, Policlinico di Catania, Italy

Maria Sotiropoulou, Evaggelismos General Hospital, Greece

Mario D'Oria, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Department, University Hospital of Trieste ASUGI, Italy

Mario Serradilla Martín, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Department of Surgery, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain

Markus Hirschburger, Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital of Worms, Worms, Germany

Massimiliano Veroux, General Surgery, University Hospital of Catania, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Catania, Italy

Massimo Fantoni, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS - UNiversità Cattolica S. Cuore, Italy

Matteo Nardi, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Italy

Matti Tolonen, HUS Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland

Mauro Montuori, Policlinico San Pietro - Department of Surgery - Via Carlo Forlanini 15 Ponte San Pietro, Italy

Mauro Podda, Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy

Maximilian Scheiterle, SOD Chirurgia d'Urgenza, Careggi, Italy

Maximos Frountzas, First Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Hippocration General Hospital of Athens, Greece

Mehmet Sarıkaya, Mardin, Turkey

Mehmet Yildirim, University of Health Sciences İzmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital General Surgery Department, Turkey

Michael Bender, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Giessen, Germany

Michail Vailas, Laiko General hospital Athens, Greece

Michel Teuben, Cantonal Hospital Frauenfeld, Switzerland

Michela Campanelli, Emergency Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Tor Vergata, viale Oxford 81, Rome, Italy

Michele Ammendola, Health of Science Department, "Magna Graecia" University Medical School, Digestive Surgery Unit, "Mater Domini" Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy

Michele Malerba, Surgical Department ASL2 Savonese, Santa Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure (SV), Italy

Michele Pisano, ASST Papa Giovanni Bergamo, Italy

Mihaela Pertea, Sf Spiridon Emegency Hospital Iasi, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T Popa"Iasi, Romania

Mihail Slavchev, University Hospital Eurohospital, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Mika Ukkonen, Tampere University Hospital, Finland

Miklosh Bala, Department of General Surgery, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel

Mircea Chirica, Service de chirurgie digestive, Centre hospitalier universitaire Grenoble Alpes, France

Mirko Barone, Department of Surgery, SS. Annunziata University Hospital of Chieti, Italy

Mohamed Maher Shaat, King Faisal Medical Complex in Taif, Saudi Arabia

Mohammed Jibreel Suliman Mohammed, Wirral University Teaching Hospital, United Kingdom

Mona Awad Akasha Abuelgasim, Kingston Hospital NHS foundation trust, United Kingdom

Monika Gureh, General surgery, AIIMS Bhuvneshwar, Bhuvneshwar, India

Mouaqit Ouadii, Hassan II hospital, Morocco

Mujdat Balkan, General Surgery, TOBB ETÜ Medical  school, Ankara, Turkey

Mumin Mohamed, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, United Kingdom

Musluh Hakseven, Ankara University School of Medicine Department of General Surgery, Surgical Oncology, Turkey

Natalia Velenciuc, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa Iasi/ Regional Institute of Oncology Iasi, Romania

Nicola Cillara, Chirurgia Generale PO Santissima Trinità Cagliari, Italy

Nicola de'Angelis, Henri Mondor University Hospital (AP-HP), Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Est, UPEC, France

Nicolò Tamini, ASST MONZA - Ospedale San Gerardo, Italy

Nikolaos J. Zavras, Department of Pediatric Surgery-General University Hospital "ATTIKON", Greece

Nikolaos Machairas, General Hospital of Athens “Laiko”, Greece

Nikolaos Michalopoulos, General University Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece

Nikolaos N. Koliakos, Univerisity Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece

Nikolaos Pararas, Dr Sulaiman Al Habib Hospital, Saudi Arabia

Noel E. Donlon, Trinity college Dublin st James hospital, Ireland

Noushif Medappil, Aster Malabar Institute of Medical Sciences (Aster MIMS - Calicut), India

Offir Ben-Ishay, Surgical Oncology, Division of Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel

Stefano Olmi, General and Oncological Surgery Department, Senior Research Vita-Salute, San Raffaele University, Milan, San Marco Hospital GSD, Zingonia (BG), Italy

Omar Islam, Wirral university teaching hospital, United Kingdom

Ömer Tammo, Mardin training and research hospital, Turkey

Orestis Ioannidis, 4th Department of Surgery, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital “George Papanikolaou”, Thessaloniki, Greece

Oscar Aparicio, Parc Tauli Hospital Universitari Sabadell, Spain

Oussama Baraket, Deprtement of surghery bizerte hospital, Faculty of medicine of Tunis, Tunisia

Pankaj Kumar, Department of General Surgery, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

Pasquale Cianci, Lorenzo Bonomo Hospital Andria-ASL BAT-University of Foggia, Italy

Per Örtenwall, Department of surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

Petar Angelov Uchikov, Medical university of Plovdiv, Department of special surgery, Medical faculty, University hospital “St. George”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Philip de Reuver, Department of Surgery, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands

Philip F. Stahel, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, United States

Philip S. Barie, Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States

Micaela Piccoli, Division of General Surgery, Emergency and New Technologies, Ospedale Civile Baggiovara, AOU, Modena, Italy

Piotr Major, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Poland

Pradeep H. Navsaria, Trauma Centre, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa

Prakash Kumar Sasmal, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India

Raul Coimbra, Riverside University Health System MEdical Center / Loma Linda University, United States

Razrim Rahim, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Malaysia

Recayi Çapoğlu, General Surgery, Sakarya training and research hospital, Sakarya, Turkey

Renol M. Koshy, Luton & Dunstable University Hospital, United Kingdom

Ricardo Alessandro Teixeira Gonsaga, Centro Universitário Padre Albino, Catanduva (SP), Brazil

Riccardo Pertile, Department of Clinical and Evaluative Epidemiology, Health Service of Trento, Italy

Rifat Ramadan Mussa Mohamed, University Hospital Ayr, United Kingdom

Rıza Deryol, Department of General Surgery, Surgical Oncology Unit, Ankara University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

Robert G. Sawyer, Western Michigan University School of Medicine, United States

Roberta Angelico, HPB and Transplant Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy

Roberta Ragozzino, General surgery and Trauma Team, ASST Niguarda, Milano, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, Milan, Italy

Roberto Bini, ASST Niguarda Hospital, Italy

Roberto Cammarata, Campus Biomedico University of Rome, Italy

Rosa Scaramuzzo, General Surgery Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Rome, Italy

Rossella Gioco, General Surgery, Policlinico G. Rodolico Catania, Italy

Ruslan Sydorchuk, General Surgery Department, Regional Emergency Hospital Chernivtsi, Ukraine

Salma Ahmed, Wirral University Teaching Hospital, United Kingdom

Salomone Di Saverio, Ospedale Madonna del Soccorso San benedetto del Tronto, Italy

Sameh Hany Emile, Mansoura University Hospital, Egypt

Samir Delibegovic, Department of Surgery, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Sanjay Marwah, Pt BDS Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India

Savvas Symeonidis, General Hospital of Thessaloniki Georgios Papanikolaou, Greece

Scott G. Thomas, Trauma Services, Indiana University School of Medicine, Beacon Health System, Memorial Hospital South Bend, Indiana, United States

Sebahattin Demir, Turkey

Selmy S. Awad, Mansoura university hospitals, Mansoura University, Egypt

Semra Demirli Atici, University of Health Sciences Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Turkey

Serge Chooklin, Lviv National Medical University, Ukraine

Serhat Meric, General surgery department, Bağcılar training and research hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

Sevcan Sarıkaya, Mardin Training and Research Hospital, Mardin, Turkey

Sharfuddin Chowdhury, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Shaza Faycal Mirghani, Sandwell General Hospital, United Kingdom

Sherry M. Wren, Stanford University, United States

Simone Gargarella, University “G.D’Annunzio” Chieti – Pescara, Italy

Simone Rossi Del Monte, ASL Roma 1 - Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Italy

Sofia Esposito, General, emergency and new technology surgery Unit, Baggiovara General Hospital, Modena, Italy

Sofia Xenaki, Department of General Surgery, University Hospital of Heraklion Crete, Greece

Soliman Fayez Ghedan Mohamed, KFMC, Saudi Arabia

Solomon Gurmu Beka, Emergency Surgery, Professional Specialist at Ethiopian Air Force Hospital, President of Ethiopian Emergency Surgery Association, Bishoftu, Oromia, Ethiopia

Sorinel Lunca, University of Medecine "Gr.T.Popa" Iasi Second Oncology Surgery Clinic Regional Institute of Oncology Iasi, Romania

Spiros G. Delis, University of Athens, Greece

Spyridon Dritsas, Colorectal and Peritoneal Oncology Centre, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom

Stefan Morarasu, 2nd Department of Surgical Oncology, Regional Institute of Oncology, Iasi, Romania

Stefano Magnone, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Bergamo, Italy

Stefano Rossi, Emergency surgery San Filippo Neri hospital ASL Roma1, Italy

Stefanos Bitsianis, 4th Department of Surgery of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece

Stylianos Kykalos, 2nd Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, General Hospital Laiko, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece

Suman Baral, Dirghayu Pokhara Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal

Sumita A Jain, SMS MEedical College and Hospital Jaipur, India

Syed Muhammad Ali, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar

Tadeja Pintar, Surgery Department, UMC Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Sloviena

Tania Triantafyllou, Advanced Upper GI Surgical Fellow, Athens, Greece

Tarik Delko, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland

Teresa Perra, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy

Theodoros A. Sidiropoulos, Surgical Resident, 4th Surgical Department, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece

Thomas M. Scalea, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, United States

Tim Oliver Vilz, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, Bonn, Germany

Timothy Craig Hardcastle, IALCH, Durban and University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Tongporn Wannatoop, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj hospital, Mahidol university, Bankok, Thailand

Torsten Herzog, Department of Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany

Tushar Subhadarshan Mishra, Department of Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

Ugo Boggi, Division of General and Transplant Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy

Valentin Calu, Elias Emergency University Hospital, Romania

Valentina Tomajer, Ospedale San Raffaele Milan, Italy

Vanni Agnoletti, Azienda USL della Romagna – Cesena, Italy

Varut Lohsiriwat, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

Victor Kong, Department of Surgery, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa

Virginia Durán Muñoz-Cruzado, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Spain

Vishal G. Shelat, Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore

Vladimir Khokha, Department of surgery, Mozyr city hospital, Belarus

Wagih Mommtaz Ghannam, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Egypt

Walter L. Biffl, Scripps Clinic Medical Group, United States

Wietse Zuidema, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Yasin Kara, Health Sciences University Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital General Surgery Clinic, Turkey

Yoshiro Kobe, Chiba Emergency Medical Center, Japan

Zaza Demetrashvili, Surgery Department, Tbilisi State Medical University, Georgia

Ziad A. Memish, Research and Innovation Center, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health & College of Medicine Alfaisal University, Saudi Arabia

Zoilo Madrazo, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain

Zsolt J. Balogh, Department of Traumatology, John Hunter Hospital and University of Newcastle, Australia

Zulfu Bayhan, Sakarya University, Faculty of Medicine Department of General Surgery, Turkey

Martin Reichert, Massimo Sartelli, Markus A. Weigand, Matthias Hecker, Ingolf H. Askevold, Juliane Liese, Winfried Padberg and Andreas Hecker: core investigator.

Federico Coccolini and Fausto Catena: WSES project steering committee representative.