Funk G-C, Lindner G, Druml W, Metnitz B, Schwarz C, Bauer P, et al. Incidence and prognosis of dysnatremias present on ICU admission. Intensive Care Med. 2010;36(2):304–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-009-1692-0
Kirkman MA, Albert AF, Ibrahim A, Doberenz D. Hyponatremia and brain injury: historical and contemporary perspectives. Neurocrit Care. 2013;18(3):406–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-012-9805-y
Upadhyay A, Jaber BL, Madias NE. Incidence and prevalence of hyponatremia. Am J Med. 2006;119(7 Suppl 1):S30–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.05.005
CAS Article PubMed Google Scholar
•• Seay NW, Lehrich RW, Greenberg A. Diagnosis and management of disorders of body tonicity-hyponatremia and hypernatremia: core curriculum 2020. Am J Kidney Dis. 2020;75(2):272–286. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.07.014. Comprehensive review on the regulation of water and sodium homeostasis, diagnosis and treatment of dysnatremias.
Castle-Kirszbaum M, Kyi M, Wright C, Goldschlager T, Danks RA, Parkin WG. Hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia: disorders of water balance in neurosurgery. Neurosurg Review. 2021;44(5):2433–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-020-01450-9
DeVita M, Gardenswartz M, Konecky A, Zabetakis P. Incidence and etiology of hyponatremia in an intensive care unit. Clin Nephrol. 1990;34(4):163–6.
Upadhyay A, Jaber BL, Madias NE. Epidemiology of hyponatremia. Semin Nephrol. 2009;29(3):227–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semnephrol.2009.03.004
CAS Article PubMed Google Scholar
Sterns RH, Silver SM. Cerebral salt wasting versus SIADH: what difference? J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;19(2):194–6. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2007101118
Sherlock M, O’Sullivan E, Agha A, Behan LA, Owens D, Finucane F, et al. Incidence and pathophysiology of severe hyponatraemia in neurosurgical patients. Postgrad Med J. 2009;85(1002):171–5. https://doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.2008.072819
CAS Article PubMed Google Scholar
Zador Z, Stiver S, Wang V, Manley GT. Role of aquaporin-4 in cerebral edema and stroke. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2009;190:159–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79885-9_7
Papadopoulos MC, Verkman AS. Aquaporin-4 and brain edema. Pediatr Nephrol. 2007;22(6):778–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-006-0411-0
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Pasantes-Morales H, Franco R, Ordaz B, Ochoa LD. Mechanisms counteracting swelling in brain cells during hyponatremia. Arch Med Res. 2002;33(3):237–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0188-4409(02)00353-3
CAS Article PubMed Google Scholar
Fisher SK, Heacock AM, Keep RF, Foster DJ. Receptor regulation of osmolyte homeostasis in neural cells. J Physiol. 2010;588(Pt 18):3355–64. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2010.190777
CAS Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Melton JE, Patlak CS, Pettigrew KD, Cserr HF. Volume regulatory loss of Na, Cl, and K from rat brain during acute hyponatremia. Am J Physiol. 1987;252(4 Pt 2):F661–9. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1987.252.4.F661
CAS Article PubMed Google Scholar
Lien YH, Shapiro JI, Chan L. Study of brain electrolytes and organic osmolytes during correction of chronic hyponatremia. Implications for the pathogenesis of central pontine myelinolysis. J Clin Invest. 1991;88(1):303–309. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI115292
• Verbalis JG. The curious story of cerebral salt wasting: fact or fiction?. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020;15(11):1666–1668. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.00070120. Short article on the origin and hypotheses underlying the pathogenesis of salt wasting.
Sherlock M, O’Sullivan E, Agha A, Behan LA, Rawluk D, Brennan P, et al. The incidence and pathophysiology of hyponatraemia after subarachnoid haemorrhage. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2006;64(3):250–4. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02432.x
Hannon MJ, Thompson CJ. Neurosurgical hyponatremia. J Clin Med. 2014;3(4):1084–104. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm3041084
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hoffman H, Ziechmann R, Gould G, Chin LS. The impact of aneurysm location on incidence and etiology of hyponatremia following subarachnoid hemorrhage. World Neurosurg. 2018;110:e621–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2017.11.058
Ridwan S, Zur B, Kurscheid J, et al. Hyponatremia after spontaneous aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage-a prospective observational study. World Neurosurg. 2019;129:e538–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2019.05.210
• Quinn L, Tian DH, Fitzgerald E, Flower O, Andersen C, Hammond N, et al. The association between hyponatraemia and long-term functional outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: a single centre prospective cohort study. J Clin Neurosci. 2020;78:353–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2020.06.003. Prospective single-center study refuting the observation that hyponatremia is associated with DCI, vasospasm and poor long-term functional outcome.
• Escamilla-Ocañas CE, Venkatasubba Rao CP, Bershad E, Damani R. Temporal relationship between hyponatremia and development of cerebral vasospasm in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients: a retrospective observational study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2020;29(6): 104789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104789. Retrospective single-center study of the temporal association of hyponatremia preceding vasospasm in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Uozumi Y, Mizobe T, Miyamoto H, Ashida N, Katsube T, Tatsumi S, et al. Decreased serum sodium levels predict symptomatic vasospasm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Clin Neurosci. 2017;46:118–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2017.08.037
CAS Article PubMed Google Scholar
Chua MMJ, Enríquez-Marulanda A, Gomez-Paz S, Akamatsu Y, Salem MM, Maragkos GA, et al. Sodium variability and probability of vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2022;31(1): 106186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.106186
Shum H-P, Tam CWY, Yan WW. Impact of dysnatremia and dyskalemia on prognosis in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a retrospective study. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2019;23(12):562–7. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23292
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Moro N, Katayama Y, Igarashi T, Mori T, Kawamata T, Kojima J. Hyponatremia in patients with traumatic brain injury: incidence, mechanism, and response to sodium supplementation or retention therapy with hydrocortisone. Surg Neurol. 2007;68(4):387–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surneu.2006.11.052
Chendrasekhar A, Chow PT, Cohen D, Akella K, Vadali V, Bapatla A, et al. Cerebral salt wasting in traumatic brain injury is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2020;16:801–6. https://doi.org/10.2147/ndt.s233389
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
•• Harrois A, Anstey JR, van der Jagt M, Taccone FS, Udy AA, Citerio G, et al. Variability in serum sodium concentration and prognostic significance in severe traumatic brain injury: a multicenter observational study. Neurocrit Care. 2020;34(3):899–907. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-020-01118-8. Multicenter prospective study demonstrating that daily sodium variability is an independent risk factor for 28-day mortality in severe TBI.
Huang W-Y, Weng W-C, Peng T-I, Chien Y-Y, Wu C-L, Lee M, et al. Association of hyponatremia in acute stroke stage with three-year mortality in patients with first-ever ischemic stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2012;34(1):55–62. https://doi.org/10.1159/000338906
CAS Article PubMed Google Scholar
Kalita J, Singh RK, Misra UK. Cerebral salt wasting is the most common cause of hyponatremia in stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2017;26(5):1026–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.12.011
Rodrigues B, Staff I, Fortunato G, McCullough LD. Hyponatremia in the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2014;23(5):850–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2013.07.011
Liamis G, Barkas F, Megapanou E, Christopoulou E, Makri A, Makaritsis K, et al. Hyponatremia in acute stroke patients: pathophysiology, clinical significance, and management options. Eur Neurol. 2019;82(1–3):32–40. https://doi.org/10.1159/000504475
CAS Article PubMed Google Scholar
Rabinstein AA, Wijdicks EFM. Hyponatremia in critically ill neurological patients. Neurologist. 2003;9(6):290–300. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.nrl.0000095258.07720.89
Maurer C, Wagner JY, Schmid RM, Saugel B. Assessment of volume status and fluid responsiveness in the emergency department: a systematic approach. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed. 2017;112(4):326–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-015-0124-x
CAS Article PubMed Google Scholar
Badgett RG, Lucey CR, Mulrow CD. Can the clinical examination diagnose left-sided heart failure in adults? JAMA. 1997;277(21):1712–9.
Orso D, Paoli I, Piani T, Cilenti FL, Cristiani L, Guglielmo N. Accuracy of ultrasonographic measurements of inferior vena cava to determine fluid responsiveness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Intensive Care Med. 2018;35(4):354–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885066617752308
Osman D, Ridel C, Ray P, Monnet X, Anguel N, Richard C, et al. Cardiac filling pressures are not appropriate to predict hemodynamic response to volume challenge. Crit Care Med. 2007;35(1):64–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000249851.94101.4f
Michard F, Teboul J-L. Predicting fluid responsiveness in ICU patients. Chest. 2002;121(6):2000–8. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.121.6.2000
Marik PE, Cavallazzi R, Vasu T, Hirani A. Dynamic changes in arterial waveform derived variables and fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients: a systematic review of the literature. Crit Care Med. 2009;37(9):2642–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0b013e3181a590da
Maesaka J, Imbriano L, Mattana J, Gallagher D, Bade N, Sharif S. Differentiating SIADH from cerebral/renal salt wasting: failure of the volume approach and need for a new approach to hyponatremia. J Clin Med. 2014;3(4):1373–85. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm3041373
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Cui H, He G, Yang S, Lv Y, Jiang Z, Gang X, et al. Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and cerebral salt-wasting syndromes in neurological patients. Front Neurosci. 2019;13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.01170
Verbalis JG, Goldsmith SR, Greenberg A, Korzelius C, Schrier RW, Sterns RH, et al. Diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of hyponatremia: expert panel recommendations. Am J Med. 2013;126(10):S1–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.07.006
留言 (0)