Eslam M, Newsome PN, Sarin SK, et al. A new definition for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: an international Expert consensus statement. J Hepatol. 2020;73(1):202–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2020.03.039.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Johdi NA, Sukor NF. Colorectal Cancer immunotherapy: options and strategies. Front Immunol. 2020;11:1624. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01624.

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Armstrong MJ, Adams LA, Canbay A, Syn W. Extrahepatic complications of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2014;59(3):1174–97. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.26717.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mantovani A, Scorletti E, Mosca A, Alisi A, Byrne CD, Targher G. Complications, morbidity and mortality of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolism. 2020;111S:154170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154170.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

EASL-EASD-EASO clinical practice guidelines for the Management of non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Hepatol. 2016;64(6):1388–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2015.11.004.

Chen W, Wang M, Jing X, Wu C, Zeng Y, Peng J, et al. High risk of colorectal polyps in men with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;35(12):2051–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.15158.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen J, Bian D, Zang S, Yang Z, Tian G, Luo Y, et al. The association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of colorectal adenoma and Cancer incident and recurrence: a Meta-analysis of observational studies. Expert Rev Gastroent. 2019;13(4):385–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/17474124.2019.1580143.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Mantovani A, Dauriz M, Byrne CD, Lonardo A, Zoppini G, Bonora E, et al. Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and colorectal Tumours in asymptomatic adults undergoing screening colonoscopy: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Metabolism. 2018;87:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2018.06.004.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Abdelfatah M, Elebiary A, Ali EG, Shill M, Kandil H. Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and colorectal adenoma: updated Meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2015;1481(4):S1051–2.

Article  Google Scholar 

Hagström H, Kechagias S, Ekstedt M. Risk for hepatic and extra-hepatic outcomes in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease from the symposium: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). J Intern Med. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.13343.

Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA. 2000;283(15):2008–12. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.283.15.2008.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li C, Cheng G, Sha T, Cheng W, Yan Y. The relationships between screen use and health indicators among infants, toddlers, and preschoolers: a Meta-analysis and systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197324.

Mao DH, Miao JK, Zou X, Chen N, Yu LC, Lai X, et al. Risk factors in predicting prognosis of neonatal bacterial meningitis-a systematic review. Front Neurol. 2018;9:929. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2018.00929.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ruppar T. Meta-analysis: how to quantify and explain heterogeneity? Eur J Cardiovasc Nur 2020; 19(7):646–652. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474515120944014.

Cai Z, Fan X. A comparison of fixed-effects and random-effects models for multivariate Meta-analysis using an SEM approach. Multivariate Behav Res. 2020;55(6):839–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2019.1689348.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mullen B, Muellerleile P, Bryant B. Cumulative Meta-analysis: a consideration of indicators of sufficiency and stability. Pers Soc Psychol B. 2001;27(11):1450–62. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672012711006.

Article  Google Scholar 

Harbord RM, Higgins J. Meta-Regression in Stata. Stata J. 2008;8(4):493–519. https://doi.org/10.1177/1536867X0800800403.

Article  Google Scholar 

Egger M, Davey SG, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in Meta-analysis detected by a simple, Graphical Test. BMJ. 1997;315(7109):629–34. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629.

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Begg CB, Berlin JA. Publication Bias and dissemination of clinical research. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1989;81(2):107–15. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.2.107.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Blackett JW, Verna EC, Lebwohl B. Increased prevalence of colorectal adenomas in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study. Dig Dis. 2020;38(3):222–30. https://doi.org/10.1159/000502684.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chuan L, Chang J, Zhao J, Li L, Yang X, Yu D. Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and colorectal adenomatous polyps. J Clin Hepatol. 2020;36(6):1299–303.

Google Scholar 

Cho Y, Lim SK, Joo SK, et al. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is associated with a higher risk of advanced colorectal neoplasm. Liver Int. 2019;39(9):1722–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.14163.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim MC, Park JG, Jang BI, Lee HJ, Lee WK. Liver fibrosis is associated with risk for colorectal adenoma in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(6):e14139. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000014139.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kim GA, Lee HC, Choe J, et al. Association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and Cancer incidence rate. J Hepatol. 2018;68(1):140–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2017.09.012.

Article  Google Scholar 

Piyachaturawat P, Thanapirom K, Aniwan S, Rerknimitr R, Kullavanijaya P, Patanasakpinyo C, et al. The impact of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease on prevalence of colorectal adenomas and advanced adenomas in Thai patients with average risk for colorectal Cancer screening. Gastroenterology. 2016;150(4):S1145. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5085(16)33863-X.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lee T, Yun KE, Chang Y, Ryu S, Park DI, Choi K, et al. Risk of colorectal neoplasia according to fatty liver severity and presence of gall bladder polyps. Dig Dis Sci. 2016;61(1):317–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-015-3873-8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang W, Yu X, Wang Y, Yang Z. Colorectal adenomatous polyps and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi. 2014;22(1):66–8.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tantau A, Tantau M. The prevalence of colorectal adenomas and advanced neoplasms detected through PAN-Chromocolonoscopy in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A Prospective Study. Gastroenterology. 2014;146(5):S689.

Article  Google Scholar 

Wong V, Wong G, Tsang S, et al. High prevalence of colorectal neoplasm in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Gut. 2011;60(6):829–36. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2011.237974.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu M, Dai F, Peng Q. Relationship between severity of liver fibrosis and colorectal adenomatous polyp in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Chin J Integr Tradit West Med Digestion. 2022;30(1):36–41.

Google Scholar 

Seo JY, Bae JH, Kwak MS, Yang JI, Chung SJ, Yim JY, Lim SH, Chung GE. The Risk of Colorectal Adenoma in Nonalcoholic or Metabolic-Associated Fatty  Liver Disease. Biomedicines. 2021;9(10):1401. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9101401.

Ahn JS, Sinn DH, Min YW, et al. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases and Risk of Colorectal Neoplasia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017;45(2):345-53. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13866.

Touzin NT, Bush KN, Williams CD, Harrison SA. Prevalence of colonic adenomas in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Ther Adv Gastroenterol. 2011;4(3):169–76. https://doi.org/10.1177/1756283X11402118.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kang HW, Kim D, Kim HJ, et al. Visceral obesity and insulin resistance as risk factors for colorectal adenoma: a cross-sectional, case-control study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105(1):178-87. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2009.541.

Wei EK, Giovannucci E, Fuchs CS, Willett WC, Mantzoros CS. Low plasma adiponectin levels and risk of colorectal Cancer in men: a prospective study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97(22):1688–94. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/dji376.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Khan RS, Bril F, Cusi K, Newsome PN. Modulation of insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2019;70(2):711–24. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.30429.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cobbina E, Akhlaghi F. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) - pathogenesis, classification, and effect on drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Drug Metab Rev. 2017;49(2):197–211. https://doi.org/10.1080/03602532.2017.1293683.

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Polyzos SA, Kountouras J, Mantzoros CS. Adipokines in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolism. 2016;65(8):1062–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2015.11.006.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Safari Z, Gérard P. The links between the gut microbiome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Cell Mol Life Sci. 2019;76(8):1541–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-019-03011-w.

CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gkolfakis P, Dimitriadis G, Triantafyllou K. Gut microbiota and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatob Pancreat Dis. 2015;14(06):572–81.

Article  Google Scholar 

Parizadeh SM, Parizadeh SA, Alizade-Noghani M, et al. Association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and colorectal Cancer. Expert Rev Gastroent. 2019;13(7):633–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/17474124.2019.1617696.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Sanna C, Rosso C, Marietti M, Bugianesi E. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and extra-hepatic cancers. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17050717.

Ho GYF, Wang T, Gunter MJ, et al. Adipokines linking obesity with colorectal Cancer risk in postmenopausal women. Cancer Res. 2012;72(12):3029–37. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-2771.

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kim S, Keku TO, Martin C, Galanko J, Woosley JT, Schroeder JC, et al. Circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines and risk of colorectal adenomas. Cancer Res. 2008;68(1):323–8. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-2924.

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shoelson SE, Lee J, Goldfine AB. Inflammation and insulin resistance. J Clin Invest. 2006;116(7):1793–801. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI29069.

CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sugiyama M, Takahashi H, Hosono K, et al. Adiponectin inhibits colorectal Cancer cell growth through the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Int J Oncol. 2009;34(2):339–44.

CAS  PubMed