Lund LH, Edwards LB, Kucheryavaya AY, Benden C, Christie JD, Dipchand AI, Dobbels F, Goldfarb SB, Levvey BJ, Meiser B, Yusen RD, Stehlik J (2014) The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Thirtieth Official Adult Heart Transplant Report--2013; focus theme: age. International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 33(10):996–1008
Chih S, Chong AY, Mielniczuk LM, Bhatt DL, Beanlands RS (2016) Allograft Vasculopathy: The Achilles’ Heel of Heart Transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol 68(1):80–91
Thorn EM, de Filippi CR (2007) Echocardiography in the cardiac transplant recipient. Heart Fail Clin 3(1):51–67
Mehra MR, Crespo-Leiro MG, Dipchand A et al (2010) International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation working formulation of a standardized nomenclature for cardiac allograft vasculopathy. J Heart Lung Transpl 29:717–27
Tavakol M, Ashraf S, Brener SJ (2012) Risks and complications of coronary angiography: a comprehensive review. Glob J Health Sci 4(1):65–93
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
González-Vílchez F, Vázquez de Prada JA (2014) Chronic renal insufficiency in heart transplant recipients: risk factors and management options. Drugs 74(13):1481–94
Wu HA, Kolias TJ (2012) Cardiac Transplantation: Pretransplant and Posttransplant Evaluation. In Otto CM ed. The Practice of Clinical Echocardiography, 4th Eds. 585–596
Spes CH, Klaus V, Mudra H et al (1999) Diagnostic and prognostic value of dobutamine stress echocardiography for noninvasive assessment of cardiac allograft vasculopathy: a comparison with coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound. Circulation 100:505–515
Waggoner AD, Bierig MS (2001) Tissue Doppler imaging a useful echocardiographic method for the cardiac sonographer to assess systolic and diastolic function. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 12:1143–1152
Collings CA, Pinto FJ, Valentine HA (1994) Exercise echocardiography in heart transplant recipients: a comparison with angiography and intracoronary ultrasonography. J Heart Lung Transplant 13(4):604–613
Smart FW, Balantyne CM, Cocanougher B et al (1991) Insensitivity of noninvasive tests to detect coronary artery vasculopathy after after heart transplant. Am J Cardiol 67(4):243–247
CAS PubMed Article Google Scholar
Daud A, Xu D, Revelo MP, Shah Z, Drakos SG, Dranow E, Stoddard G, Kfoury AG, Hammond MEH, Nativi-Nicolau J, Alharethi R, Miller DV, Gilbert EM, Wever-Pinzon O, McKellar SH, Afshar K, Khan F, Fang JC, Selzman CH, Stehlik J (2018) Microvascular Loss and Diastolic Dysfunction in Severe Symptomatic Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy. Circ Heart Fail (8):e004759
Chirakarnjanakorn S, Starling RC, Popović ZB, Griffin BP, Desai MY. Dobutamine stress echocardiography during follow-up surveillance in heart transplant patients: Diagnostic accuracy and predictors of outcomes. J Heart Lung Transpl 34:710–7
Barbir M, Lazem F, Banner N, Mitchell A, Yacoub M (1997) The prognostic significance of non-invasive cardiac tests in heart transplant recipients. Eur Heart J 18:692–696
CAS PubMed Article Google Scholar
Kobashigawa JA (2001) Heart Transplantation. In: Norman DJ, Turka LA, eds. Primer on Transplantation, 2nd edition, Mt. Laurel, N J Am Soc Transpl 321–66
Zengin E, Westermann D, Radunski U et al (2015) Cardiac mechanics in heart transplant recipients with and without transplant vasculopathy. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 31(4):795–803
Lunze FI, Colan SD, Gauvreau K et al (2013) Tissue Doppler imaging for rejection surveillance in pediatric heart transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 32:1027–1033
Störk S, Behr TM, Birk M, Uberfuhr P, Klauss V, Spes CH, Angermann CE (2006) Assessment of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy Late After Heart Transplantation: When Is Coronary Angiography Necessary? J Heart Lung Transplant 25(9):1103–1108
Dandel M, Hummel M, Müller J et al (2001) Reliability of tissue Doppler monitoring after heart transplantation for replacement of invasive routine screenings by optimally timed cardiac biopsies and catheterizations. Circulation 104(12):I184–I191
CAS PubMed Article Google Scholar
Pan C, Wang C, Pan W et al (2011) Usefulness of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography to quantify global left ventricular function and mechanical dyssynchrony after heart transplantation. Acta Cardiol 66(3):365–370
Sutherland G, Steward M, Grondstroen K et al (1994) Color Doppler myocardial imaging. A new technique for assessment of myocardial function. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 7:441–58
Dandel M, Hummel M, Meyer R, Müller J, Kapell S, Ewert R, Hetzer R (2002) Left ventricular dysfunction during cardiac allograft rejection: early diagnosis, relationship to the histological severity grade and therapeutic implications. Transpl Proc 34:2169–2173
Hummel M, Dandel M, Knollmann F, Muller J, Knosalla C, Ewert R et al (2001) Long-term surveillance of heart-transplanted patients: noninvasive monitoring of acute rejection episodes and transplant vasculopathy. Transplant Proc 33:3539–3542
CAS PubMed Article Google Scholar
Dandel M, Hetzer R (2009) Echocardiographic strain and strain rate imaging – Clinical applications Int J Cardiol 132:11–24
Logstrup BB, Andersen HR, Thuesen L et al (2013) Left ventricular global systolic longitudinal deformation and prognosis 1 year after femoral and apical transcatheter aortic valve implantation. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 26:246–254
Clemmensen TS, Løgstrup BB, Eiskjær H, Poulsen SH (2015) Evaluation of longitudinal myocardial deformation by 2-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in heart transplant recipients: relation to coronary allograft vasculopathy. J Heart Lung Transplant 34:195–203
Clemmensen TS, Eiskjær H, Løgstrup BB, Tolbod LP, Harms HJ, Bouchelouche K, Hoff C, Frøkiær J, Poulsen SH (2016) Noninvasive detection of cardiac allograft vasculopathy by stress exercise echocardiographic assessment of myocardial deformation. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 29:480–490
Clemmensen TS, Løgstrup BB, Eiskjaer H, Poulsen SH (2016) Coronary flow reserve predicts longitudinal myocardial deformation capacity in heart-transplanted patients. Echocardiography 33:562–571
Dandel M, Hetzer R (2017) Post-transplant surveillance for acute rejection and allograft vasculopathy by echocardiography: Usefulness of myocardial velocity and deformation imaging. J Heart Lung Transplant 36(2):117–131
Sciaccaluga C, Mandoli GE, Sisti N, Natali MB, Ibrahim A, Menci D, D'Errico A, Donati G, Benfari G, Valente S, Bernazzali S, Maccherini M, Mondillo S, Cameli M, Focardi M (2021) Detection of cardiac allograft vasculopathy by multi-layer left ventricular longitudinal strain in heart transplant recipients. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging
Dandel M, Lehmkuhl H, Knosalla C, Grauhan O, Weng Y, Pasic M, Hetzer R (2008) Echocardiographic 2D-strain imaging for early detection of patients with focal coronary stenoses after heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transpl 27(2 Suppl1):S95–96
Budhe S, Richmond ME, Gilbert J, Lai WW (2015) Longitudinal strain by speckle-tracking echocardiography in pediatric heart transplant recipients. Congenit Heart Dis 10:362–370
Dandel M, Wellnhofer E, Lehmkuhl H et al Early detection of left ventricular wall motion alterations in heart allografts with coronary artery disease: diagnostic value of tissue Doppler and two-dimensional (2D) strain echocardiography
Ghali MCZ, Stewart R, Ghali GZ, Blitzer W (2020) Two dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography detects cardiac allograft stage III vasculopathy in recipients of heart transplants with preserved systolic function. Acta Cardiol 31:1–11
Salles AF, Oliveira JA (2000) Adaptation to exercise following cardiac transplantation. Arq Bras Cardiol 75(1):70–90
CAS PubMed Article Google Scholar
Squires RW, Leung TC, Cyr NS et al (2002) Partial normalization of the heart rate response to exercise after cardiac transplantation: frequency and relationship to exercise capacity. Mayo Clin Proc 77(12):1295–1300
Quigg R, Salyer J, Mohanty PK, Simpson P (1998) Impaired exercise capacity late after cardiac transplantation: influence of chronotropic incompetence, hypertension, and calcium channel blockers. Am Heart J 136(3):465–473
CAS PubMed Article Google Scholar
Gebska MA, Williford NN, Schadler AJ, Laxson C, Alvarez P, Briasoulis A, Cadaret LM, Yumul-Non IKT, Kerber RE, Weiss RM (2020) Pharmacological vs Exercise Stress Echocardiography for Detection of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 4(1):65–75
PubMed PubMed Central Article Google Scholar
Ciliberto GR, Parodi O, Cataldo G et al (2003) Prognostic value of contractile response during high-dose dipyridamole echocardiography test in heart transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 22(5):526–532
Ciliberto GR, Massa D, Mangiavacchi M et al (1993) High-dose dipyridamole echocardiography test in coronary artery disease after heart transplantation. Eur Heart J 14(1):48–52
CAS PubMed Article Google Scholar
Flox A, Sanchez V, Delgado JF, Fernandez S, Tello R, Jimenez J, Garcia J, Gomez MA, Lombera F, Saenz de la Calzada C (2002) Is atropine infusion necessary to achieve the target heart rate in heart transplant patients during dobutamine stress echocardiography? Transpl Proc 34 3241–3242
Kociolek LK, Bierig SM, Herrmann SC, Labovitz AJ (2006) Efficacy of atropine as a chronotropic agent in heart transplant patients undergoing dobutamine stress echocardiography. Echocardiography 23383–387
Gibson PH, Riesgo F, Choy JB, Kim DH, Becher H (2015) Dobutamine stress echocardiography after cardiac transplantation: implications of donor-recipient age difference. Echo Res Pract 2(2):65–71
PubMed PubMed Central Article Google Scholar
Costanzo MR, Dipchand A, Starling R, Anderson A et al (2010) The International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation Guidelines for the care of heart transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 29(8):914–956
Badano LP, Miglioranza MH, Edvardsen T et al (2015) European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging/Cardiovascular Imaging Department of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology recommendations for the use of cardiac imaging to assess and follow patients after heart transplantation. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 16:919–948
Clerkin KJ, Ali ZA, Mancini DM (2017) New developments for the detection and treatment of cardiac vasculopathy. Curr Opin Cardiol 32:316–325
PubMed PubMed Central Article Google Scholar
RC. Clerkin KJ, Farr MA, Restaino SW, Ali ZA (2016) Mancini DM. Dobutamine stress echocardiography is inadequate to detect early cardiac allograft vasculopathy. J Heart Lung Transpl 35(8):1040–1
Akosah KO, Mohanty PK, Funai JT et al (1994) Noninvasive detection of transplant coronary artery disease by dobutamine stress echocardiography. J Heart Lung Transplant 13:1024–1038
Elkaryoni A, Abu-Sheasha G, Altibi AM, Hassan A, Ellakany K, Nanda NC (2019) Diagnostic accuracy of dobutamine stress echocardiography in the detection of cardiac allograft vasculopathy in heart transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis study. Echocardiography 36(3):528–536
Hussein S, Dandel M, Hetzer R (2014) Exercise echocardiography with speckle-tracking derived strain and strain-rate analysis allows detection of heart transplant recipients with focal coronary stenoses. Circulation 130 (Suppl 2): A 18742
Eroglu E, D’Hooge J, Sutherland GR et al (2008) Quantitative dobutamine stress echocardiography for early detection of cardiac allograft vasculopathy in heart transplant recipients. Heart 94: 2 e3
Knuuti J, Wijns W, Saraste A et al (2020) 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J 41:407–477
Gilbert EM, Eiswirth CC, Mealey PC, Larrabee P, Herrick CM, Bristow MR (1989) Beta-adrenergic supersensitivity of the transplanted human heart is presynaptic in origin. Circulation 79:344–349
CAS PubMed Article Google Scholar
Shah NR, Blankstein R, Villines T, Imran H, Morrison AR, Cheezum MK (2018) Coronary CTA for Surveillance of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy. Curr Cardiovasc Imaging Rep 11:26
留言 (0)