Available online 10 June 2022, 151639

Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is now well established as the standard of care treatment for moderate to severe neonatal encephalopathy secondary to perinatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in infants ≥36 weeks gestation in high income countries. The Neonatal Research Network (NRN) contributed greatly to the study of TH as a neuroprotectant with three trials now completed in infants ≥36 weeks gestation and the only large randomized-controlled trial of TH in preterm infants now in the follow-up phase. Data from the first NRN TH trial combined with data from other large trials of TH affirm the safety and neuroprotective qualities of TH and highlight the importance of providing TH to all infants who qualify. In this review we will highlight the findings of the three NRN trials of TH in the term infant population and the secondary analyses that continue to inform the care of patients with HIE.

Amplitude integrated electroencephalogram

Anterior limb of the internal capsule

Basal ganglia/thalamus

Continuous electroencephalogram

Full scale intelligence quotient

Gross Motor Function Classification System

High-dose Erythropoietin for Asphyxia and Encephalopathy

Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy

Infant Cooling Evaluation trial

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

Low-middle income country

Mental developmental index

Magnetic resonance imaging

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier

NEuroPSYchological assessment

Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

Neonatal Research Network

Optimizing Cooling trial

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn

Posterior limb of the internal capsule

Randomized controlled trial

Esophageal temperature

Therapeutic hypothermia

Total Body Hypothermia trial

Functional Independence Measures for Children

© 2022 Published by Elsevier Inc.