Some thoughts about what non-mammalian jawed vertebrates are telling us about antigen processing and peptide loading of MHC molecules

ElsevierVolume 77, August 2022, 102218Current Opinion in ImmunologyHighlights•

The genomic organisation of the MHC varies enormously across jawed vertebrates.

Total numbers of MHC genes vary among vertebrates, with only a few classical MHC genes.

Some nonclassical MHC and classical pathway genes appear earlier than others.

Obvious co-evolution within MHC pathways occurs in some species, but not others.

The promiscuity of interactions may correlate with differences in genomic organisation.

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of mammals encodes highly polymorphic classical class I and class II molecules with crucial roles in immune responses, as well as various nonclassical molecules encoded by the MHC and elsewhere in the genome that have a variety of functions. These MHC molecules are supported by antigen processing and peptide loading pathways which are well-understood in mammals. This review considers what has been learned about the MHC, MHC molecules and the supporting pathways in non-mammalian jawed vertebrates. From the initial understanding from work with the chicken MHC, a great deal of diversity in the structure and function has been found. Are there underlying principles?

AbbreviationsTAP

transporters associated with antigen presentation

HLA

human leukocyte antigen

BAC

bacterial artificial chromosome

BRD2

bromodomain-containing protein 2

BF-BL

the region including class I (BF) and class II (BLB) genes in the chicken

APLL

antigen processing and peptide loading

CD1

cluster of differentiation antigen 1

MR1

MHC class I-related gene 1

YF

class I gene of the chicken Y region

TAPBPR

TAP-binding protein-related

TAPBPL

TAP-binding protein-like

YLB

class II B gene of the chicken Y region

© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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