Malnutrition-Inflammation Liaison in Predicting AKI following OPCABG in Diabetics: Role of a Novel Monocyte/High-Density Lipoprotein × Albumin Ratio

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Background Monocyte/high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) has been recently proposed as a parsimonious inflammatory marker. Akin to MHR, hypoalbuminemia (a malnutrition marker) has a considerable proinflammatory potential and confers an accentuated risk of postcardiac surgery complications, like acute kidney injury (AKI). The present study evaluated the AKI-predictive value of the preoperative monocyte/high-density lipoprotein × albumin ratio (MHAR) in diabetic patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG).

Methods The retrospective study conducted at our tertiary cardiac care center included 687 diabetic OPCABG patients. Forty-eight hours postoperative data was evaluated for the occurrence of AKI, as defined by the Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria. The perioperative attributes of the AKI and non-AKI groups were compared to evaluate the predictors of AKI, by employing a regression analysis.

Results A total of 109 patients (15.87%) developed AKI postoperatively. On univariate analysis: age, EuroSCORE II, preoperative congestive heart failure, systemic hypertension, serum albumin, MHR, MHAR, intraoperative packed red blood cell transfusion, postoperative low cardiac output syndrome, and vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS) predicted AKI. AKI subsequent to multivariate analysis, age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.029), EuroSCORE II (OR: 1.264), MHAR (OR: 1.403), and VIS (OR: 1.07) were the independent predictors (p-values: 0.020, < 0.001, 0.013, 0.002, respectively). The AKI predictive cutoffs of albumin, MHR, and MHAR were ≤ 2.95, ≥ 15.25, and ≥ 4.08 (area under the curve:sensitivity:specificity of 0.761:84.86%:89.62%; 0.754:93.12%:86.68%; 0.798:89.63%:88.34%, respectively). MHAR ≥ 4.08 was also associated with a higher incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation and major adverse cardiac events.

Conclusion Preoperative elevated MHAR independently predicts AKI following OPCABG in diabetics, implying a malnutrition-inflammation liaison at heart of the matter.

Keywords acute kidney injury - diabetes mellitus - malnutrition - monocyte/high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) - monocyte/high-density lipoprotein × albumin ratio (MHAR) - inflammation - off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting Publication History

Article published online:
01 June 2022

© 2022. Official Publication of The Simulation Society (TSS), accredited by International Society of Cardiovascular Ultrasound (ISCU). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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