Yoshida A, Rzhetsky A, Hsu LC, Chang C. Human aldehyde dehydrogenase gene family. Eur J Biochem. 1998;251:549–57.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Raghunathan L, Hsu LC, Klisak I, Sparkes RS, Yoshida A, Mohandas T. Regional localization of the human genes for aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2. Genomics. 1988;2:267–9.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Braun T, Bober E, Singh S, Agarwal DP, Goedde HW. Evidence for a signal peptide at the amino-terminal end of human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. FEBS Lett. 1987;215:233–6.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Eriksson CJ, Marselos M, Koivula T. Role of cytosolic rat liver aldehyde dehydrogenase in the oxidation of acetaldehyde during ethanol metabolism in vivo. Biochem J. 1975;152:709–12.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Vasiliou V, Pappa A, Petersen DR. Role of aldehyde dehydrogenases in endogenous and xenobiotic metabolism. Chem Biol Interact. 2000;129:1–19.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Roede JR, Jones DP. Reactive species and mitochondrial dysfunction: mechanistic significance of 4-hydroxynonenal. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2010;51:380–90.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Esterbauer H, Schaur RJ, Zollner H. Chemistry and biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal, malonaldehyde and related aldehydes. Free Radic Biol Med. 1991;11:81–128.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Bulteau AL, Lundberg KC, Humphries KM, Sadek HA, Szweda PA, Friguet B, et al. Oxidative modification and inactivation of the proteasome during coronary occlusion/reperfusion. J Biol Chem. 2001;276:30057–63.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Ferrington DA, Kapphahn RJ. Catalytic site-specific inhibition of the 20S proteasome by 4-hydroxynonenal. FEBS letters. 2004;578:217–23.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Farout L, Mary J, Vinh J, Szweda LI, Friguet B. Inactivation of the proteasome by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal is site specific and dependant on 20S proteasome subtypes. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2006;453:135–42.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Akude E, Zherebitskaya E, Roy Chowdhury SK, Girling K, Fernyhough P. 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal induces mitochondrial dysfunction and aberrant axonal outgrowth in adult sensory neurons that mimics features of diabetic neuropathy. Neurotox Res. 2010;17:28–38.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Kaplan P, Tatarkova Z, Racay P, Lehotsky J, Pavlikova M, Dobrota D. Oxidative modifications of cardiac mitochondria and inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase activity by 4-hydroxynonenal. Redox Rep. 2007;12:211–8.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Keller JN, Mark RJ, Bruce AJ, Blanc E, Rothstein JD, Uchida K, et al. 4-Hydroxynonenal, an aldehydic product of membrane lipid peroxidation, impairs glutamate transport and mitochondrial function in synaptosomes. Neuroscience. 1997;80:685–96.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Keith RJ, Haberzettl P, Vladykovskaya E, Hill BG, Kaiserova K, Srivastava S, et al. Aldose reductase decreases endoplasmic reticulum stress in ischemic hearts. Chem Biol Interact. 2009;178:242–9.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Mali VR, Ning R, Chen J, Yang XP, Xu J, Palaniyandi SS. Impairment of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal adduct formation and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in mice fed a high-fat diet and injected with low-dose streptozotocin. Exp Biol Med. 2014;239:610–8.

Article  Google Scholar 

Mali VR, Pan G, Deshpande M, Thandavarayan RA, Xu J, Yang XP, et al. Cardiac mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction and tissue damage in chronic hyperglycemia correlate with reduced aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 activity. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0163158.

Article  Google Scholar 

Eaton P, Li JM, Hearse DJ, Shattock MJ. Formation of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-modified proteins in ischemic rat heart. Am J Physiol. 1999;276:H935–43.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lucas DT, Szweda LI. Declines in mitochondrial respiration during cardiac reperfusion: age-dependent inactivation of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999;96:6689–93.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Chen CH, Budas GR, Churchill EN, Disatnik MH, Hurley TD, Mochly-Rosen D. Activation of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 reduces ischemic damage to the heart. Science. 2008;321:1493–5.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Goedde HW, Agarwal DP, Fritze G, Meier-Tackmann D, Singh S, Beckmann G, et al. Distribution of ADH2 and ALDH2 genotypes in different populations. Hum Genet. 1992;88:344–6.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Luo HR, Wu GS, Pakstis AJ, Tong L, Oota H, Kidd KK, et al. Origin and dispersal of atypical aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH2487Lys. Gene. 2009;435:96–103.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Harada S, Agarwal DP, Goedde HW, Ishikawa B. Aldehyde dehydrogenase isozyme variation and alcoholism in Japan. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1983;18:151–3.

Article  Google Scholar 

Crabb DW, Edenberg HJ, Bosron WF, Li TK. Genotypes for aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency and alcohol sensitivity. The inactive ALDH2(2) allele is dominant. J Clin Invest. 1989;83:314–6.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Zhong Z, Hou J, Li B, Zhang Q, Li C, Liu Z, et al. Genetic polymorphisms of the mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH2 gene in a large ethnic hakka population in Southern China. Med Sci Monit. 2018;24:2038–44.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Jo SA, Kim EK, Park MH, Han C, Park HY, Jang Y, et al. A Glu487Lys polymorphism in the gene for mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 is associated with myocardial infarction in elderly Korean men. Clin Chim Acta. 2007;382:43–7.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Takagi S, Iwai N, Yamauchi R, Kojima S, Yasuno S, Baba T, et al. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene is a risk factor for myocardial infarction in Japanese men. Hypertens Res. 2002;25:677–81.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Furfaro AL, Menini S, Patriarca S, Pesce C, Odetti P, Cottalasso D, et al. HNE-dependent molecular damage in diabetic nephropathy and its possible prevention by N-acetyl-cysteine and oxerutin. Biofactors. 2005;24:291–8.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Zambelli VO, Gross ER, Chen CH, Gutierrez VP, Cury Y, Mochly-Rosen D. Aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 regulates nociception in rodent models of acute inflammatory pain. Sci Transl Med. 2014;6:251ra118.

Article  Google Scholar 

Pan G, Roy B, Palaniyandi SS. Diabetic aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 mutant (ALDH2*2) mice are more susceptible to cardiac ischemic-reperfusion injury due to 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal induced coronary endothelial cell damage. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10:e021140.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Ma H, Guo R, Yu L, Zhang Y, Ren J. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) rescues myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury: role of autophagy paradox and toxic aldehyde. Eur Heart J. 2011;32:1025–38.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Chen CH, Ferreira JCB, Mochly-Rosen D. ALDH2 and cardiovascular disease. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1193:53–67.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Zincarelli C, Soltys S, Rengo G, Rabinowitz JE. Analysis of AAV serotypes 1-9 mediated gene expression and tropism in mice after systemic injection. Mol Ther. 2008;16:1073–80.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Dipple KM, Crabb DW. The mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase gene resides in an HTF island but is expressed in a tissue-specific manner. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993;193:420–7.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Anstee QM, Mantovani A, Tilg H, Targher G. Risk of cardiomyopathy and cardiac arrhythmias in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;15:425–39.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bryson TD, Gu X, Khalil RM, Khan S, Zhu L, Xu J, et al. Overexpression of prostaglandin E2 EP4 receptor improves cardiac function after myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2018;118:1–12.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Weber C, Neacsu I, Krautz B, Schlegel P, Sauer S, Raake P, et al. Therapeutic safety of high myocardial expression levels of the molecular inotrope S100A1 in a preclinical heart failure model. Gene Ther. 2014;21:131–8.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Woitek F, Zentilin L, Hoffman NE, Powers JC, Ottiger I, Parikh S, et al. Intracoronary cytoprotective gene therapy: a study of VEGF-B167 in a pre-clinical animal model of dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;66:139–53.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

DiMattia MA, Nam HJ, Van Vliet K, Mitchell M, Bennett A, Gurda BL, et al. Structural insight into the unique properties of adeno-associated virus serotype 9. J Virol. 2012;86:6947–58.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Ma H, Li J, Gao F, Ren J. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 ameliorates acute cardiac toxicity of ethanol: role of protein phosphatase and forkhead transcription factor. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54:2187–96.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Gomes KM, Campos JC, Bechara LR, Queliconi B, Lima VM, Disatnik MH, et al. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 activation in heart failure restores mitochondrial function and improves ventricular function and remodelling. Cardiovasc Res. 2014;103:498–508.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar