Prevalence and demographic distribution associated with pre-eclampsia among pregnant women at a local Teaching Hospital in Ghana.

Abstract

Background In sub-Saharan Africa, pre-eclampsia remains a major health problem contributing to high rates of maternal mortality. Despite this condition having adverse effects on maternal and child health, its prevalence and associated risk factors are still significant, especially in developing countries including Ghana. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and demographic distributions associated with pre-eclampsia among pregnant women at the Ho Teaching Hospital. Methods A facility-based retrospective study was conducted by reviewing available data or hospital records of pregnant mothers who were admitted to the labour and maternity wards from January 2018 to December 2020. The data were collected using a structured checklist. Results A total of 5,609 deliveries were recorded from 2018 to 2020. Out of the 5,609 deliveries, 314 pre-eclampsia cases were recorded giving an overall prevalence of 5.6%. The yearly prevalence for 2018, 2019, and 2020 were 4.6%, 5.6%, and 6.6%, respectively. The most recorded pre-eclampsia cases were seen among women within the age group of 18-24 years. The data showed that 112 (35.7%) of the mothers who had pre-eclampsia were nulliparous. Pre-eclampsia associated maternal and fetal complications were; preterm delivery 221 (70.4%), intrauterine fetal death 62 (19.7%), eclampsia 9 (2.9%), HELLP syndrome 5 (1.6%) and maternal death 17 (5.4%). Associated factors of pre-eclampsia were parity, level of education, and occupation (p=<0.05). Conclusion The findings of this study showed a rising trend in the incidence of pre-eclampsia over the years at the Ho Teaching Hospital. Parity, level of education, and occupation were found to be associated with developing pre-eclampsia.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Funding Statement

The author received no specific funding for this work.

Author Declarations

I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.

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The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:

The ethical committee of the University of Health and Allied Sciences approved the study protocol (UHAS-REC A.12 [177]20-21). Written informed consent was obtained from each recruited parturient after providing them with adequate explanations regarding the aims of this study.

I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals.

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I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).

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I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable.

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Data Availability

All data relevant are included in the manuscript and supporting documents.

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