Available online 20 May 2022, 102257

Neuronostatin, a bioactive peptide hormone, was encoded by pro-somatostatin and discovered using a bioinformatic method in 2008. Neuronostatin is widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues, it is also highly conserved among humans, rodents, and even goldfish. The 13 and 19 amino acids and the C-terminal amidation type play important roles in physiological and pathological functions. The present study reviews the roles of neuronostatin in food intake and drinking of water, as well as in the neuroendocrine processes, pain regulation, cardiovascular and circulation function, memory and studies, depression-like effect, and energy metabolism in animals. However, the information on the physiology and pathology of neuronostatin, especially the molecular mechanism, remains scarce. Considering the broad functions of neuronostatin, this endogenous neuropeptide could be a promising therapeutic target for future research and drug design if the exact receptor could be found in humans.

Neuronostatin

Metabolism

Neuroendocrine

Neuropeptide

Somatostatin

G protein-coupled receptor 107

adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase

adrenocorticotropic hormone

Ca2+-adenosine triphosphatase

castration-resistant-PCa

c-Jun N-terminal kinase

enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor type A

glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

GLUT3 and GLUT1

gonadotropin-releasing hormone

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal

intracerebroventricular

left ventricular developed pressure

long-term potentiation

mean arterial pressure

mitogen-activated protein kinase

paraventricular nucleus

phosphorylated signal transducers and transcription activator-5

protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase

small interfering Ribonucleic Acid

6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione

α subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2.

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