Immunohistochemical Markers for Distinguishing Metastatic Breast Carcinoma from Other Common Malignancies: Update and Revisit

Elsevier

Available online 14 April 2022

Seminars in Diagnostic PathologyAbstract

Due to the high prevalence of breast cancer in the female, a metastasis from primary breast cancer is usually considered in the differential diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma in the female patient, even for those without a history of breast cancer, as some breast cancers are first diagnosed as metastases. Immunohistochemical analysis for breast cancer markers is the most common way to determine breast cancer origin besides clinical history and histology. In this review, we (1) summarize the commonly used and the newly identified breast cancer markers, including GCDFP-15, mammaglobin, GATA3, SOX10, and TRPS1; (2) point out the strengths and weaknesses of using these markers for breast cancers with luminal/epithelial or basal/myoepithelial differentiation; and (3) recommend diagnostic panels to differentiate breast carcinoma from carcinoma with similar morphology of other origins.

Key words

breast cancer markers

GCDFP-15

mammaglobin

GATA3

SOX10

and TRPS1

AbbreviationsHER2

human epidermal growth factor receptor 2

IBC

invasive breast carcinoma

IDC

invasive ductal carcinoma

TNBC

triple-negative breast cancer

GCDFP-15

gross cystic disease fluid protein-15

GATA3

GATA binding protein 3

SOX10

SRY-related HMG-box 10

TRPS1

trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1

FOXC1

forkhead box transcription factor C1

FOXA1

forkhead box transcription factor A1

PELP1

proline glutamic acid and leucine-rich protein 1

Wnt9b

Wnt Family Member 9b

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