Evaluate the reliability of the apprenticeship in the first year of medical school: towards a reliable first level ultrasound examination.

Abstract

Objectives Our aim was to motivate apprentices sonographer needs, to appraise their own measurements, to reduce inconsistencies within and between operators. Deep knowledge of ultrasound sectional anatomy is mandatory for an appropriate performance. Methods In three different weekdays, 3 sonographer apprentices (rater), randomly selected from a cohort of first year medical students, repeated lumbar multifidus cross-sections scans on 6 subjects at lumbar level. The Agreement R package 0.8-1 was used to monitored the performances of each apprentice. Results The agreement (CCCintra 0.6749; CCCinter 0.556; CCCtotal is 0.5438) was further from least acceptable CCC of 0.92-0.95. The precision index (precisionintra 0.6749; inter 0.801; total 0.6274) was unsatisfactory, while the accuracy was high (0.9889 to 0.9913). The same occurred for the agreement on rater performances comparisons, where readings were high accurate (0.9537 to 0.9733) but moderately precise (0.7927 to 0.8895), not interchangeable TIR (1.173) but without rater supremacy. IIR (r1 vs r2 1.104, r1 vs r3 1.015, r2 vs r3 0.92) 95% confidence limits. Conclusions Apprentices were not reliable, repeatable, interchangeable. The weak link in the method seemed to be cultural weakness on vivo imaging morphologies, qualitative and quantitative measurement procedure on elementary statistical processing.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Funding Statement

no funding

Author Declarations

I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.

Yes

The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:

The Ethics Committee of the University of Milan examined and issued a favourable opinion on the project (issued on 04/082022 n 31/22

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Yes

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Yes

Data Availability

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article.

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