In this issue of JAMA Pediatrics, Catalá-López et al1 report the findings of a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the risk of mortality among persons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their first-degree relatives. The takeaway message is not subtle or nuanced, but clear, direct, and sobering—individuals with ASD or ADHD frequently die of preventable natural causes (eg, cardiac events) and unnatural causes (eg, unintentional injury, suicide). As such, this knowledge demands widespread recognition and the implementation of systematic screening and preventive approaches. Higher mortality rates have been documented in the field of ASD for longer than they have in the field of ADHD, owing to the well-established higher risks for drowning, pedestrian-auto crashes, suicide, seizure disorders, and other medical conditions associated with ASD that can lead to a shorter life expectancy.