1A. Li is a third-year medical student, Pritzker School of Medicine at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.

2A.T. Deyrup is professor of pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.

3J.L. Graves Jr. is professor of biological sciences, Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, and associate director, Triangle Center for Evolutionary Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.

4L.F. Ross is the Carolyn and Matthew Bucksbaum Professor of Clinical Ethics; professor of pediatrics, medicine, surgery, and the College; associate director, MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics; and codirector, Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.

Funding/Support: None reported.

Other disclosures: This project was conducted by Alice Li as part of the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine Scholarship and Discovery Program. Lainie Friedman Ross is a fellow of the American Academy of Pediatrics and coauthored a chapter in the American Academy of Pediatrics Textbook of Pediatric Care, 2nd Edition, which was used in this study. She currently holds no leadership positions in the American Academy of Pediatrics, and this project was conducted independently of the American Academy of Pediatrics.

Ethical approval: The University of Chicago Institutional Review Board determined on May 6, 2021 that this work was not human subjects research and thus was exempt from review (21-0750).

Previous presentations: A draft of this manuscript was submitted to the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine Scholarship and Discovery program for internal review.

Data: Data were obtained from the American Academy of Pediatrics Textbook of Pediatric Care, 2nd Edition, a commercially available textbook. No permission was obtained from the American Academy of Pediatrics for the use of this textbook in this study and no review of this manuscript was sought.

Correspondence should be addressed to Lainie Friedman Ross, University of Chicago Department of Pediatrics, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, MC 6082, Chicago, IL 60615; telephone: (773) 702-6323; email: [email protected].