1V.M. Welten is a general surgery resident and research fellow, Department of Surgery, Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8775-5857.

2K.F.A.A. Dabekaussen is a postdoctoral fellow, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8073-1174.

3J.S. Davids is a colorectal surgeon and associate professor of surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Memorial Hospital, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts.

4N. Melnitchouk is a colorectal surgeon and assistant professor of surgery, Department of Surgery, Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7223-9526.

The authors have informed the journal that they agree that both Vanessa M. Welten and Kirsten F.A.A. Dabekaussen completed the intellectual and other work typical of the first author.

Funding/Support: None reported.

Other disclosures: This article is a follow-up to a previously published study entitled Factors Associated With the Professional Success of Female Surgical Department Chairs: A Qualitative Study (doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2020.3023). Nelya Melnitchouk, MD, MSc, is the principal investigator for the previously published study as well as for the current article.

Ethical approval: The Brigham and Women’s Hospital Institutional Review Board approved the initial study, Factors Associated With the Professional Success of Female Surgical Department Chairs: A Qualitative Study (doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2020.3023), which was the source of data for this article.

Correspondence should be addressed to Vanessa M. Welten, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115; telephone: (617) 732-8460; email: [email protected]; Twitter: @VanessaWelten.