Available online 21 March 2022, 100994
ACEs can leave neurobiological scars, conferring a risk of mental disorders.
•This systematic review offers an integrative account of the neurobiology of ACEs.
•It covers meta-analyses on endocrine/immune systems, neuroimaging, and genetics.
•HPA axis alteration and inflammation exist in ACEs irrespective of mental disorders.
•Hippocampal GMV and amygdalar activity are altered even in healthy people with ACEs.
AbstractAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may leave long-lasting neurobiological scars, increasing the risk of developing mental disorders in later life. However, no review has comprehensively integrated existing evidence across the fields: hypothalamic–pituitaryadrenal axis, immune/inflammatory system, neuroimaging, and genetics/epigenetics. We thus systematically reviewed previous meta-analyses towards an integrative account of ACE-related neurobiological alterations. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline, a total of 27 meta-analyses until October 2021 were identified. This review found that individuals with ACEs possess blunted cortisol response to psychosocial stressors, low-grade inflammation evinced by increased C-reactive protein levels, exaggerated amygdalar response to emotionally negative information, and diminished hippocampal gray matter volume. Importantly, these alterations were consistently observed in those with and without psychiatric diagnosis. These findings were integrated and discussed in a schematic model of ACE-related neurobiological alterations. Future longitudinal research based on multidisciplinary approach is imperative for ACEs-related mental disorders’ prevention and treatment.
KeywordsChildhood trauma
Childhood maltreatment
Glucocorticoid
Norepinephrine
Interleukin
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
White matter integrity
Connectivity
Gene
DNA methylation
AbbreviationsACEsadverse childhood experiences
HPAhypothalamic–pituitaryadrenal
© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.
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