Available online 15 March 2022, 101599

The gut microbiota regulates the susceptibility to intestinal and extra intestinal diseases modulating host immunity and inflammation.

Manipulation of the microbiota improve inflammation and disease outcome.

The translational value of the microbiota is demonstrated by the efficacy of new microbiota-targeted therapies.

Gut microbiota has been shown to systemically shape the immunological landscape, modulate homeostasis and play a role in both health and disease. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota promotes inflammation and contributes to the pathogenesis of several major disorders in gastrointestinal tract, metabolic, neurological and respiratory diseases. Much effort is now focused on understanding host-microbes interactions and new microbiota-targeted therapies are deeply investigated as a means to restore health or prevent disease.

This review details the immunoregulatory role of the gut microbiota in health and disease and discusses the most recent strategies in manipulating individual patient’s microbiota for the management and prevention of inflammatory conditions.

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Antimicrobial Peptides

Antiretroviral Therapy

Bloodstream Infections

Coronary artery disease

C. Difficile Infection

Central Nervous System

Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte-Associated Antigen

Cardiovascular disease

Dextran Sodium Sulfate

experimental autoimmune myocarditis

Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation

Fructo-Oligosaccharides

Genetically Modified Microorganisms

Graft versus Host Disease

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Invariant Natural Killet T Cells

Live Biotherapeutics Products

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes

Nuclear Factor Kappa Light Chain Enhancer Of Activated B Cells

Programmed Cell Death Protein 1

Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1

Randomized Clinical Trials

Short-Chain Fatty Acids

trimethylamine-N-oxide TNF Tumor Necrosis Factor

Gut microbiome

Inflammation

Probiotics

FMT

Mucosal immunity

Live biotherapeutic products

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