Barber, B. K., & Buehler, C. (1996). Family cohesion and enmeshment: Different constructs, different effects. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58(2), 433. https://doi.org/10.2307/353507

Article  Google Scholar 

Bell, H. S., Donovan, C. L., & Ramme, R. (2016). Is athletic really ideal? An examination of the mediating role of body dissatisfaction in predicting disordered eating and compulsive exercise. Eating Behaviors, 21, 24–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.12.012

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Berge, J. M., MacLehose, R., Loth, K. A., Eisenberg, M., Bucchianeri, M. M., & Neumark-Sztainer, D. (2013). Parent conversations about healthful eating and weight: Associations with adolescent disordered eating behaviors. JAMA Pediatrics, 167(8), 746–753. https://doi.org/10.1001/JAMAPEDIATRICS.2013.78

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Blackstone, S. R., & Herrmann, L. K. (2020). Fitness wearables and exercise dependence in college women: Considerations for University Health Education Specialists. American Journal of Health Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/19325037.2020.1767004

Article  Google Scholar 

Blakemore, S. J., & Mills, K. L. (2014). Is adolescence a sensitive period for sociocultural processing? Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 187–207. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115202

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brown, V. L., Trevino, R. A., Richard, A. J., Bell, D. C., Montoya, I. D., & Brown, H. S. (2007). An analysis of peer influence and peer selection on human immunodeficiency virus risk behaviors. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 9(3), 137–155. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9861.2004.tb00097.x

Article  Google Scholar 

Christofaro, D. G. D., Andersen, L. B., de Andrade, S. M., de Barros, M. V. G., Saraiva, B. T. C., Fernandes, R. A., & Ritti-Dias, R. M. (2018). Adolescents’ physical activity is associated with previous and current physical activity practice by their parents. Jornal De Pediatria, 94(1), 48–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JPED.2017.01.007

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Costa, S., Hausenblas, H. A., Oliva, P., Cuzzocrea, F., & Larcan, R. (2016). Maladaptive perfectionism as mediator among psychological control, eating disorders, and exercise dependence symptoms in habitual exerciser. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 5(1), 77–89. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.5.2016.004

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Coyne, S. M., Padilla-Walker, L. M., Holmgren, H. G., & Stockdale, L. A. (2019). Instagrowth: A longitudinal growth mixture model of social media time use across adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 29(4), 897–907. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12424

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Davison, K. K., & Jago, R. (2009). Change in parent and peer support across ages 9 to 15 yr and adolescent girls’ physical activity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 41(9), 1816–1825. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181a278e2

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7(2), 117–140. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872675400700202

Article  Google Scholar 

Field, A. E., Camargo, C. A., Taylor, C. B., Berkey, C. S., Roberts, S. B., & Colditz, G. A. (2001). Peer, parent, and media influences on the development of weight concerns and frequent dieting among preadolescent and adolescent girls and boys. Pediatrics, 107(1), 54–60. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.107.1.54

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fitzgerald, A., Fitzgerald, N., & Aherne, C. (2012). Do peers matter? A review of peer and/or friends’ influence on physical activity among American adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 35(4), 941–958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.01.002

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Goodwin, H., Haycraft, E., & Meyer, C. (2011). Sociocultural correlates of compulsive exercise: Is the environment important in fostering a compulsivity towards exercise among adolescents? Body Image, 8(4), 390–395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.05.006

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Goodwin, H., Haycraft, E., & Meyer, C. (2012). The relationship between compulsive exercise and emotion regulation in adolescents. British Journal of Health Psychology, 17(4), 699–710. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8287.2012.02066.x

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Goodwin, H., Haycraft, E., & Meyer, C. (2014). Sociocultural risk factors for compulsive exercise: A prospective study of adolescents. European Eating Disorders Review, 22(5), 360–365. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.2309

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Goodyear, V., Wood, G., Skinner, B., & Thompson, J. (2021). The effect of social media interventions on physical activity and dietary behaviours in young people and adults: A systematic review. The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12966-021-01138-3

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ha, A. S., Ng, J. Y. Y., Lonsdale, C., Lubans, D. R., & Ng, F. F. (2019). Promoting physical activity in children through family-based intervention: Protocol of the “Active 1 + FUN” randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6537-3

Article  Google Scholar 

Halliwell, E., & Harvey, M. (2006). Examination of a sociocultural model of disordered eating among male and female adolescents. British Journal of Health Psychology, 11(2), 235–248. https://doi.org/10.1348/135910705X39214

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hamel, A. E., Zaitsoff, S. L., Taylor, A., Menna, R., & le Grange, D. (2012). Body-related social comparison and disordered eating among adolescent females with an eating disorder, depressive disorder, and healthy controls. Nutrients, 4(9), 1260–1272. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu4091260

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hart, L. M., Cornell, C., Damiano, S. R., & Paxton, S. J. (2015). Parents and prevention: A systematic review of interventions involving parents that aim to prevent body dissatisfaction or eating disorders. The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 48(2), 157–169. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22284

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hausenblas, H. A., & Downs, D. S. (2002). How much is too much? The development and validation of the exercise dependence scale. Psychology and Health, 17(4), 387–404. https://doi.org/10.1080/0887044022000004894

Article  Google Scholar 

Jankauskiene, R., Baceviciene, M., Pajaujiene, S., & Badau, D. (2019). Are adolescent body image concerns associated with health-compromising physical activity behaviours? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(7), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16071225

Article  Google Scholar 

Jones, B. A., Haycraft, E., Murjan, S., & Arcelus, J. (2016). Body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in trans people: A systematic review of the literature. International Review of Psychiatry, 28, 81–94. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2015.1089217

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kierans, J., & Swords, L. (2016). Exploring the appearance culture in early adolescence: A qualitative focus group approach in the Republic of Ireland (ROI). Journal of Adolescent Research, 31(6), 671–699. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558415604219

Article  Google Scholar 

King, K. A., Tergerson, J. L., & Wilson, B. R. (2008). Effect of social support on adolescents’ perceptions of and engagement in physical activity. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 5(3), 374–384. https://doi.org/10.1123/JPAH.5.3.374

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Levallius, J., Collin, C., & Birgegård, A. (2017). Now you see it, Now you don’t: Compulsive exercise in adolescents with an eating disorder. Journal of Eating Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1186/S40337-016-0129-8

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lichtenstein, M. B., Hinze, C. J., Emborg, B., Thomsen, F., & Hemmingsen, S. D. (2017). Compulsive exercise: Links, risks and challenges faced. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 10, 85–95. https://doi.org/10.2147/prbm.s113093

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lubans, D., Richards, J., Hillman, C., Faulkner, G., Beauchamp, M., Nilsson, M., … Biddle, S. (2016). Physical activity for cognitive and mental health in youth: A systematic review of mechanisms. Pediatrics, 138(3).

Marsh, H. W. (1990). Self-description questionnaire-II. University of Western Sydney.

Google Scholar 

McCabe, M. P., & Ricciardelli, L. A. (2001). The structure of the perceived sociocultural influences on body image and body change questionnaire. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 8(1), 19–41. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327558IJBM0801_02

Article  Google Scholar 

McCabe, M. P., & Ricciardelli, L. A. (2004). A longitudinal study of pubertal timing and extreme body change behaviors among adolescent boys and girls. Adolescence, 39(153), 145–166.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

McCabe, M. P., & Vincent, M. A. (2002). Development of body modification and excessive exercise scales for adolescents. Assessment, 9(2), 131–141. https://doi.org/10.1177/10791102009002003

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Meyer, C., Taranis, L., Goodwin, H., & Haycraft, E. (2011). Compulsive exercise and eating disorders. European Eating Disorders Review, 19(3), 174–189. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.1122

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mond, J. M., & Calogero, R. M. (2009). Excessive exercise in eating disorder patients and in healthy women. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43(3), 227–234. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802653323

Article  Google Scholar 

Mond, J. M., Hay, P. J., Rodgers, B., & Owen, C. (2006). An update on the definition of “excessive exercise” in eating disorders research. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 39(2), 147–153. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.20214

Article  Google Scholar 

NICE. (2012). Quality appraisal checklist: Quantitative studies reporting correlations and associations. Retrieved January 5, 2021, from https://www.nice.org.uk/process/pmg4/chapter/appendix-g-quality-appraisal-checklist-quantitative-studies-reporting-correlations-and#checklist

NICE. (2016). Methodology checklist: Cohort studies. Retrieved January 5, 2021, from https://www.nice.org.uk/process/pmg10/chapter/appendix-d-methodology-checklist-cohort-studies

Ogden, J., Veale, D., & Summers, Z. (1997). The development and validation of the exercise dependence questionnaire. Addiction Research and Theory, 5(4), 343–355. https://doi.org/10.3109/16066359709004348

Article  Google Scholar 

Page, M. J., McKenzie, J., Bossuyt, P., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T., Mulrow, C., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. The BMJ, 372(71). https://doi.org/10.31222/OSF.IO/V7GM2

Patton, G. C., Sawyer, S. M., Santelli, J. S., Ross, D. A., Afifi, R., Allen, N. B., … Viner, R. M. (2016). Our future: A Lancet commission on adolescent health and wellbeing. The Lancet, 387(10036), 2423–2478. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00579-1

Pedersen, L., Hicks, R. E., & Rosenrauch, S. (2018). Sociocultural pressure as a mediator of eating disorder symptoms in a non-clinical Australian sample. Cogent Psychology, 5(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2018.1523347

Article  Google Scholar 

Pew Research Center. (2018). Teens, social media & technology. Retrieved February 19, 2020, from https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2018/05/31/teens-social-media-technology-2018/

Plateau, C. R., Shanmugam, V., Duckham, R. L., Goodwin, H., Jowett, S., Brooke-Wavell, K. S. F., … Meyer, C. (2014). Use of the compulsive exercise test with athletes: Norms and links with eating psychopathology. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 26(3), 287–301. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2013.867911

Quiles Marcos, Y., Quiles Sebastián, M. J., Pamies Aubalat, L., Botella Ausina, J., & Treasure, J. (2013). Peer and family influence in eating disorders: A meta-analysis. European Psychiatry, 28(4), 199–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2012.03.005

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Raggatt, M., Wright, C. J. C., Carrotte, E., Jenkinson, R., Mulgrew, K., Prichard, I., & Lim, M. S. C. (2018). “i aspire to look and feel healthy like the posts convey”: Engagement with fitness inspiration on social media and perceptions of its influence on health and wellbeing. BMC Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5930-7

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ricciardelli, L. A., & McCabe, M. P. (2002). Children’s body image concerns and eating disturbance. Clinical Psychology Review, 21(3), 325–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0272-7358(99)00051-3

Article  Google Scholar 

Rideout, V. (2016). Measuring time spent with media: The Common Sense census of media use by US 8- to 18-year-olds. Journal of Children and Media, 10(1), 138–144. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2016.1129808

Article