[1] Karasek, RA . Job demands, job decision latitude, and mental strain: implications for job redesign. Adm Sci Q 1979;24:285–308.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI[2] Kivimäki, M, Kawachi, I. Work stress as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Curr Cardiol Rep 2015;17:74.
Google Scholar | Crossref[3] Kuper, H, Marmot, M, Hemingway, H. Systematic review of prospective cohort studies of psychosocial factors in the etiology and prognosis of coronary heart disease. Semin Vasc Surg 2002;2(3):267–314.
Google Scholar[4] Kivimäki, M, Nyberg, ST, Batty, GD, et al. Job strain as a risk factor for coronary heart disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data. The Lancet 2012;380:1491–7.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline[5] Kivimäki, M, Batty, GD, Ferrie, JE, et al. Cumulative meta-analysis of job strain and CHD. Epidemiol 2014;25:464–5.
Google Scholar | Crossref[6] Chandola, T, Britton, A, Brunner, E, et al. Work stress and coronary heart disease: what are the mechanisms? Eur Heart J 2008;29:640–8.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline[7] Brotman, DJ, Golden, SH, Wittstein, IS. The cardiovascular toll of stress. Lancet 2007;370:1089–100.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline[8] Landsbergis, PA, Dobson, M, Koutsouras, G, et al. Job strain and ambulatory blood pressure: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Am J Public Health 2013;103:e61–71.
Google Scholar | Crossref[9] Alfredsson, L, Hammar, N, Fransson, E, et al. Job strain and major risk factors for coronary heart disease among employed males and females in a Swedish study on work, lipids and fibrinogen. Scand J Work Environ Health 2002;28:238–48.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline[10] Söderberg, M, Rosengren, A, Hillström, J, et al. A cross-sectional study of the relationship between job demand-control, effort-reward imbalance and cardiovascular heart disease risk factors. BMC Public Health 2012;12:1102.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline[11] Hintsanen, M, Kivimäki, M, Elovainio, M, et al. Job strain and early atherosclerosis: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Psychosom Med 2005;67:740–7.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline[12] Rosvall, M, Östergren, P-O, Hedblad, B, et al. Work-related psychosocial factors and carotid atherosclerosis. Int J Epidemiol 2002;31:1169–78.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline[13] Muntaner, C, Nieto, FJ, Cooper, L, et al. Work organization and atherosclerosis: findings from the ARIC study. Am J Prev Med 1998;14:9–18.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI[14] Tiemeier, H, van Dijck, W, Hofman, A, et al. Relationship between atherosclerosis and late-life depression: the Rotterdam Study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2004;61:369–76.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline[15] Greenlund, KJ, Kiefe, CI, Giles, WH, et al. Associations of job strain and occupation with subclinical atherosclerosis: the CARDIA study. Ann Epidemiol 2010;20:323–31.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline[16] Rozanski, A, Gransar, H, Kubzansky, LD, et al. Do psychological risk factors predict the presence of coronary atherosclerosis? Psychosom Med 2011;73:7–15.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI[17] Watanabe, K, Sakuraya, A, Kawakami, N, et al. Work-related psychosocial factors and metabolic syndrome onset among workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2018;19:1557–68.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline[18] Bergström, G, Berglund, G, Blomberg, A, et al. The Swedish cardiopulmonary bioimage study: objectives and design. J Intern Med 2015;278:645–59.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline[19] Sanne, B, Torp, S, Mykletun, A, et al. The Swedish Demand—Control—Support Questionnaire (DCSQ): factor structure, item analyses, and internal consistency in a large population. Scand J Public Health 2005;33:166–74.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals[20] McCollough, CH, Ulzheimer, S, Halliburton, SS, et al. Coronary artery calcium: a multi-institutional, multimanufacturer international standard for quantification at cardiac CT. Radiology 2007;243:527–38.
Google Scholar | Crossref[21] Agatston, AS, Janowitz, WR, Hildner, FJ, et al. Quantification of coronary artery calcium using ultrafast computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990;15:827–32.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline[22] Grundy, SM, Cleeman, JI, Daniels, SR, et al. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation 2005;112:2735–52.
Google Scholar | Medline[23] Ekblom, Ö, Ekblom-Bak, E, Bolam, KA, et al. Concurrent and predictive validity of physical activity measurement items commonly used in clinical settings–data from SCAPIS pilot study. BMC Public Health 2015;15:1–10.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline[24] Rosengren, A, Hawken, S, Ôunpuu, S, et al. Association of psychosocial risk factors with risk of acute myocardial infarction in 11 119 cases and 13 648 controls from 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet 2004;364(9438):953–62.
Google Scholar | Crossref[25] Martinez, BAF, Leotti, VB, Nunes, LN, et al. Odds ratio or prevalence ratio? An overview of reported statistical methods and appropriateness of interpretations in cross-sectional studies with dichotomous outcomes in veterinary medicine. Front Vet Sci 2017;4:193.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline[26] Nyberg, ST, Fransson, EI, Heikkilä, K, et al. Job strain and cardiovascular disease risk factors: meta-analysis of individual-participant data from 47,000 men and women. PLoS One 2013;8:e67323.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI[27] Jönsson, D, Rosengren, A, Dotevall, A, et al. Job control, job demands and social support at work in relation to cardiovascular risk factors in MONICA 1995, Goteborg. J Cardiovasc Risk 1999;6:379–85.
Google Scholar | Medline[28] Bergström, G, Persson, M, Adiels, M, et al. Prevalence of subclinical coronary artery atherosclerosis in the general population. Circulation 2021;144:916–29.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline[29] Ganster, DC, Rosen, CC. Work stress and employee health: a multidisciplinary review. J Manage 2013;39:1085–122.
Google Scholar[30] Malinauskiene, V, Theorell, T, Grazuleviciene, R, et al. Low job control and myocardial infarction risk in the occupational categories of Kaunas men, Lithuania. J Epidemiol Community Health 2004;58:131–5.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline[31] Gimeno, D, Elovainio, M, Jokela, M, et al. Association between passive jobs and low levels of leisure-time physical activity: the Whitehall II cohort study. Occup Environ Med 2009;66:772–6.
Google Scholar | Crossref[32] Kivimaki, M, Virtanen, M, Elovainio, M, et al. Work stress in the etiology of coronary heart disease – a meta-analysis. Scand J Work Environ Health 2006;32:431–42.
Google Scholar | Crossref[33] Hall, EM . Double exposure: the combined impact of the home and work environments on psychosomatic strain in Swedish women and men. Int J Health Serv 1992;22:239–60.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals