Morphometric and Immunohistochemical Characteristics of the Adult Human Soft Palate Muscles

1. Williams, PL, Bannister, LH, Berry, MM, Collins, P, Dyson, M, Dussek, JE, Ferguson, MWJ. Gray’s anatomy. 38th ed. Edinburgh: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 1995.
Google Scholar2. Mu, L, Chen, J, Li, J, Fowkeys, M, Benson, B, Nyirenda, T, Sobotka, S, Christopherson, M, Sanders, I. Innervation of human soft palate muscles. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2021;304:1054–70.
Google Scholar | Crossref3. Bottinelli, R, Canepari, M, Pellegrino, MA, Reggiani, C. Force-velocity properties of human skeletal muscle fibers: myosin heavy chain isoforms and temperature dependence. J Physiol. 1996;495:573–86.
Google Scholar | Crossref4. Stal, PS, Lindman, R. Characterisation of human soft palate muscles with respect to fiber types, myosins and capillary supply. J Anat. 2000;197:275–90.
Google Scholar | Crossref5. Eriksson, PO, Eriksson, A, Ringqvist, M, Thornell, LE. The reliability of histochemical fiber typing of human necropsy muscles. Histochemistry. 1980;65:193–205.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline6. Eriksson, PO, Thornell, LE. Histochemical and morphological muscle-fiber characteristics of the human masseter, the medial pterygoid and the temporal muscles. Arch Oral Biol. 1983;28:781–95.
Google Scholar | Crossref7. Dubowitz, V. Muscle biopsy: a practical approach. 2nd ed. London: Bailliere Tindall; 1985.
Google Scholar8. Narusawa, M, Fitzsimmons, RB, Izumo, S, Nadal-Ginard, B, Rubinstein, NA, Kelly, AM. Slow myosin in developing rat skeletal muscles. J Cell Biol. 1987;104:447–59.
Google Scholar | Crossref9. Petrof, BJ, Kelly, AM, Rubinstein, NA, Pack, AI. Effect of hypothyroidism on myosin heavy chain expression in rat pharyngeal dilator muscles. J Appl Physiol. 1992;73:179–87.
Google Scholar | Crossref10. Rubinstein, NA, Hoh, JFY. The distribution of myosin heavy chain isoforms among rat extraocular muscle fiber types. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41:3391–8.
Google Scholar11. Havenith, MG, Visser, R, Schrijvers-van Schendel, JM, Bosman, FT. Muscle fiber typing in routinely processed skeletal muscle with monoclonal antibodies. Histochemistry. 1990;93:497–9.
Google Scholar | Crossref12. Monemi, M, Liu, JX, Thornell, LE, Eriksson, PO. Myosin heavy chain composition of the human lateral pterygoid and digastric muscles in young adults and elderly. J Muscle Res Cell Motil. 2000;21:303–12.
Google Scholar | Crossref13. Schiaffino, S, Gorza, L, Sartore, S, Saggin, L, Ausoni, S, Vianello, M, Gundersen, K, Lomo, T. Three myosin heavy chain isoforms in type 2 skeletal muscle fibers. J Muscle Res Cell Motil. 1989;10:197–205.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline14. Stal, PS, Eriksson, PO, Schiaffino, S, Butler-Browne, GS, Thornell, LE. Differences in myosin composition between human oro-facial, masticatory and limb muscles: enzyme-, immunohisto- and biochemical studies. J Muscle Res Cell Motil. 1994;15:517–34.
Google Scholar | Crossref15. Shafiq, SA, Shimizu, T, Fischman, DA. Heterogeneity of type I skeletal muscle fibers revealed by monoclonal antibody to slow myosin. Muscle Nerve. 1984;7:380–7.
Google Scholar | Crossref16. Han, Y, Wang, J, Fischman, DA, Biller, HF, Sanders, I. Slow tonic muscle fibers in the thyroarytenoid muscles of human vocal folds: a possible specialization for speech. Anat Rec. 1999;256:146–57.
Google Scholar | Crossref17. Michel, RN, Parry, DJ, Dunn, SE. Regulation of myosin heavy chain expression in adult rat hindlimb muscles during short term paralysis: comparison of denervation and tetrodotoxin-induced neural inactivation. FEBS Lett. 1996;391:39–44.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline18. Mu, L, Su, H, Wang, J, Sanders, I. Myosin heavy chain-based fiber types in the adult human cricopharyngeus muscle. Muscle Nerve. 2007;35:637–48.
Google Scholar | Crossref19. Mu, L, Wang, J, Su, H, Sanders, I. Adult human upper esophageal sphincter contains specialized muscle fibers expressing unusual myosin heavy chain isoforms. J Histochem Cytochem. 2007;55:199–207.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals20. Mu, L, Sanders, I. Neuromuscular specializations within human pharyngeal constrictor muscles. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2007;116:604–17.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals21. Mu, L, Sanders, I. Newly revealed cricothyropharyngeus muscle in the human laryngopharynx. Anat Rec. 2008;291:927–38.
Google Scholar | Crossref22. Boorman, JG, Sommerlad, BC. Levator palati and palatal dimples: their anatomy, relationship and clinical significance. Brit J Plast Surg. 1985;38:326–32.
Google Scholar | Crossref23. Perry, JL, Kuehn, DP, Sutton, BP. Morphology of the levator veli palatini muscle using magnetic resonance imaging. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2013;50:64–75.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals24. Perry, JL, Sutton, BP, Kuehn, DP, Gamage, JK. Using MRI for assessing velopharyngeal structures and function. Cleft Palate-craniofacial Journal. 2014;51:476–85.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals25. Honjo, I, Kumazawa, T, Honda, K, Shimojo, S. Electromyographic study of patients with dysfunction of the Eustachian tube. Arch Otolaryngol. 1979;222:47–51.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline26. Atkins, RW, Byrd, HS, Tebbetts, JB. Some observations relative to the levator veli palatini muscles in the cleft palate. Cleft Palate J. 1982;19:267–9.
Google Scholar27. Kuehn, DP, Folkins, JW, Cutting, CB. Relationships between muscle activity and velar position. Cleft Palate J. 1982;19:25–35.
Google Scholar | Medline28. Mortimore, IL, Douglas, NJ. Palatal muscle EMG response to negative pressure in awake sleep apneic and control subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;156(3, Pt 1):867–73.
Google Scholar | Crossref29. Lindman, R, Paulin, G, Stal, PS. Morphological characterization of the levator veli palatini muscle in children born with cleft palates. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2001;38:438–48.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals30. Azzam, NA, Kuehn, DP. The morphology of musculus uvulae. Cleft Palate J. 1977;14:78–87.
Google Scholar | Medline31. Sumida, K, Kashiwaya, G, Seki, S, Masui, T, Ando, Y, Yamashita, K, Fujimura, A, Kitamura, S. Anatomical status of the human musculus uvulae and its function implications. Clin Anat. 2014;27:1009–15.
Google Scholar | Crossref32. Kuehn, DP, Folkins, JW, Linville, RN. An electromyographic study of the musculus uvulae. Cleft Palate J. 1988;25:348–55.
Google Scholar33. Pigott, RW, Bensen, JF, White, FD. Nasendoscopy in the diagnosis of velo-pharyngeal incompetence. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1969;43:141–7.
Google Scholar | Crossref34. Huang, M, Lee, S, Rajendran, K. Structure of the musculus uvulae: functional and surgical implications of an anatomic study. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1997;34:466–74.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals35. Landes, CA, Weichert, F, Steinbauer, T, Walczak, L, Hasenfus, A, Veith, C, Schroder, A, Fritsch, H, Theegarten, D, Wagner, M. Histology and function: analyzing the uvular muscle. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2011;48:639–45.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals36. Inouye, JM, Lin, KY, Perry, JL, Blemker, SS. Contributions of the musculus uvulae to velopharyngeal closure quantified with a 3D multi-muscle computational model. Ann Plast Surg. 2016;77(Suppl 1):S70–5.
Google Scholar | Crossref37. Groher, ME. Dysphagia: diagnosis and management. 3rd ed. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1997.
Google Scholar38. Standring, S. Gray’s anatomy. 40th ed. Edinburgh: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2008.
Google Scholar39. Fritzell, B. The velopharyngeal muscles in speech: an electromyographic and cineradiographic study. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1969;250:1–81.
Google Scholar40. Fritzell, B . Electromyography in the study of the velopharyngeal function. A review. Folia Phoniatr (Basel). 1979;31:93–102.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline41. Bell-Berti, F. Control of pharyngeal cavity size for English voiced and voiceless stops. J Acoust Soc Am. 1975;57:456–61.
Google Scholar42. Moon, JB, Smith, AE, Folkins, JW, Lemke, JH, Gartlan, M. Coordination of velopharyngeal muscle activity during positioning of the soft palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1994;31:45–55.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals43. Kuehn, DP, Azzam, NA. Anatomical characteristics of palatoglossus and the anterior faucial pillar. Cleft Palate J. 1978;15:349–59.
Google Scholar44. Doty, RW, Bosma, JF. An electromyographic analysis of reflex deglutition. J Neurophysiol. 1956;19:44–60.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline45. Dixit, RP, Bell-Berti, F, Harris, KS. Palatoglossus activity during nasal/nonnasal vowels of Hindi. Phonetica. 1987;44:210–26.
Google Scholar | Crossref46. Benguerel, AP, Hirose, H, Sawashima, M, Ushijima, T. Velar coarticulation in French: an electromyographic study. J Phonet. 1977;5:157–67.
Google Scholar47. Campos, D, Ellwanger, JH, Costa Rosa, JP, Santos, IP, Silva, TH, Piazza, JL, Kraether Neto, L. Palatoglossus muscle neuroanatomy: a review. J Morphol Sci. 2012;29:123.
Google Scholar48. Abe, M, Murakami, G, Noguchi, M, Kitamura, S, Shimada, K, Kohama, GI. Variations in the tensor veli palatini muscle with special reference to its origin and insertion. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2004;41:474–84.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals49. Leider, J, Hamlet, S, Schwan, S. The effect of swallowing bolus and head position on Eustachian tube function via sonotubometry. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1993;109:66–70.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals50. Hairston, LE, Sauerland, EK. Electromyography of the human palate: discharge patterns of the levator and tensor veli palatini. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1981;21:287–97.
Google Scholar51. Van der Touw, T, O’Neill, N, Brancatisano, A, Amis, T, Wheatley, J, Engel, LA. Respiratory-related activity of soft palate muscles: augmentation by negative upper airway pressure. J Appl Physiol. 1994;76:424–32.
Google Scholar | Crossref52. Worsnop, C, Kay, A, Pierce, R, Kim, Y, Trinder, J. Activity of respiratory pump and upper airway muscles during sleep onset. J Appl Physiol. 1998;85:908–20.
Google Scholar | Crossref53. Amis, TC, O’Neill, N, Wheatley, JR, Van der Touw, T, di Somma, E, Brancatisano, A. Soft palate muscle response to negative upper airway pressure. J Appl Physiol. 1999;86:523–30.
Google Scholar | Crossref54. Tangel, DJ, Mezzanotte, WS, Sandberg, EJ, White, DP. Influences of NREM sleep on the activity of tonic vs. inspiratory phasic muscles in normal men. J Appl Physiol. 1992;73:1058–66.
Google Scholar | Crossref55. Tangel, DJ, Mezzanotte, MS, White, DP. Influence of sleep on tensor palatini EMG and upper airway resistance in normal men. J Appl Physiol. 1991;70:2574–81.
Google Scholar | Crossref56. McWhorter, AJ, Rowley, JA, Eisele, DW, Smith, PL, Schwartz, AR. The effect of tensor veli palatini stimulation on upper airway patency. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1999;125:937–40.
Google Scholar | Crossref57. Reiser, PJ, Moss, RL, Giulian, GG, Greaser, ML. Shortening velocity in single fibers from adult rabbit soleus muscles is correlated with myosin heavy chain composition. J Biol Chem. 1985;260:9077–80.
Google Scholar58. Reiser, PJ, Moss, RL, Giulian, GG, Greaser, ML. Shortening velocity and myosin heavy chains of developing rabbit muscle fibers. J Biol Chem. 1985;260:14403–5.
Google Scholar59. Bottinelli, R, Schiaffino, S, Reggiani, C. Force-velocity relations and myosin heavy chain isoform compositions of skinned fibers from rat skeletal muscle. J Physiol (Lond). 1991;437:655–72.
Google Scholar | Crossref60. Galler, S, Schmitt, TL, Pette, D. Stretch activation, unloaded shortening velocity, and myosin heavy chain isoforms of rat skeletal muscle fibers. J Physiol. 1994;478:513–21.
Google Scholar | Crossref61. Galler, S, Hilber, K, Pette, D. Stretch activation and myosin heavy chain isoforms in rat, rabbit and human skeletal muscle fibres. J Muscle Res Cell Motil. 1997;18:441–8.
Google Scholar62. D’Antona, G, Megighian, A, Bortolotto, S, Pellegrino, MA, Marchese-Ragona, R, Staffieri, A, Bottinelli, R, Reggiani, C. Contractile properties and myosin heavy chain isoform composition in single fibers of human laryngeal muscles. J Muscle Res Cell Motil. 2002;23:187–95.
Google Scholar | Crossref63. Monster, AW, Chan, H, O’Connor, D. Activity patterns of human skeletal muscle: relation to muscle fiber type composition. Science. 1978;200:314–7.
Google Scholar | Crossref64. Hoh, JF. Muscle fiber types and function. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 1992;4:801–8.
Google Scholar65. Schiaffino, S, Reggiani, C. Myosin isoforms in mammalian skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol. 1994;77:493–501.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline66. Schiaffino, S, Reggiani, C. Molecular diversity of myofibrillar proteins: gene regulation and functional significance. Physiol Rev. 1996;76:371–423.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline67. Sciote, JJ, Horton, MJ, Rowlerson, AM, Link, J. Specialized cranial muscles: how different are they from limb and abdominal muscles? Cells Tissues Organs. 2003;174:

留言 (0)

沒有登入
gif