The synergistic antibacterial effect and inhibition of biofilm formation of nisin in combination with terpenes against Listeria monocytogenes

This study was to investigate the synergistic antibacterial effect and inhibition of biofilm formation of nisin in combination with terpenes (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, citral, and thymol) against Listeria monocytogenes. The bactericidal ranking of terpenes combined with nisin was carvacrol > cinnamaldehyde, citral > thymol. The minimum inhibitory concentration assay (MIC) of nisin and carvacrol when used together were determined to be 0.1563 mg/ml + 0.0195 mg/ml (nisin at MIC/2 + carvacrol at MIC/16). The addition of nisin at MIC/2 + carvacrol at MIC/2 caused more decrease in membrane potential than carvacrol or nisin at MIC individually. The decrease rates of hlyA and plcA gene expressions caused by nisin at MIC/2 + carvacrol at MIC/2 were significantly higher than those caused by carvacrol or nisin at MIC individually (P < 0.05). Nisin combined with carvacrol showed the highest inhibition activity to formation of L. monocytogenes biofilm on stainless steel and lettuce. The inhibition effect of nisin at MIC/2 + carvacrol at MIC/16 was significantly higher than that of nisin at MIC/2 and carvacrol at MIC/16 (P < 0.05).

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