1. Sheremata, WA, Vollmer, TL, Stone, LA, et al. A safety and pharmacokinetic study of intravenous natalizumab in patients with MS. Neurology 1999; 52: 1072–1074.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI2. O’Connor, PW, Goodman, A, Willmer-Hulme, AJ, et al. Randomized multicenter trial of natalizumab in acute MS relapses: Clinical and MRI effects. Neurology 2004; 62: 2038–2043.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI3. Miller, DH, Khan, OA, Sheremata, WA, et al. A controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 15–23.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI4. Polman, CH, O’Connor, PW, Havrdova, E, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 899–910.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI5. Plavina, T, Fox, EJ, Lucas, N, et al. A randomized trial evaluating various administration routes of natalizumab in multiple sclerosis. J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 56(10): 1254–1262.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline6. Trojano, M, Ramio-Torrenta, L, Grimaldi, LM, et al. A randomized study of natalizumab dosing regimens for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2021; 27(14): 2240–2253.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI7. Bar-Or, A, Calabresi, PA, Arnold, D, et al. Rituximab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A 72-week, open-label, phase I trial. Ann Neurol 2008; 63(3): 395–400.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline8. Hauser, SL, Waubant, E, Arnold, DL, et al. B-cell depletion with rituximab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 676–688.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI9. Naismith, RT, Piccio, L, Lyons, JA, et al. Rituximab add-on therapy for breakthrough relapsing multiple sclerosis: A 52-week phase II trial. Neurology 2010; 74: 1860–1867.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI10. Hawker, K, O’Connor, P, Freedman, MS, et al. Rituximab in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis: Results of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Ann Neurol 2009; 66(4): 460–471.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI11. Salzer, J, Svenningsson, R, Alping, P, et al. Rituximab in multiple sclerosis: A retrospective observational study on safety and efficacy. Neurology 2016; 87: 2074–2081.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI12. Kappos, L, Li, D, Calabresi, PA, et al. Ocrelizumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A phase 2, randomised, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Lancet 2011; 378: 1779–1787.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI13. Montalban, X, Hauser, SL, Kappos, L, et al. Ocrelizumab versus placebo in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2017; 376: 209–220.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI14. Hauser, SL, Bar-Or, A, Comi, G, et al. Ocrelizumab versus interferon beta-1a in relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2017; 376: 221–234.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI15. Sorensen, PS, Lisby, S, Grove, R, et al. Safety and efficacy of ofatumumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A phase 2 study. Neurology 2014; 82: 573–581.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI16. Bar-Or, A, Grove, RA, Austin, DJ, et al. Subcutaneous ofatumumab in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: The MIRROR study. Neurology 2018; 90: e1805–e1814.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline17. Hauser, SL, Bar-Or, A, Cohen, JA, et al. Ofatumumab versus teriflunomide in multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2020; 383: 546–557.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline18. Muralidharan, KK, Kuesters, G, Plavina, T, et al. Population pharmacokinetics and target engagement of natalizumab in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 57(8): 1017–1030.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline19. Derfuss, T, Kovarik, JM, Kappos, L, et al. Alpha4-integrin receptor desaturation and disease activity return after natalizumab cessation. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2017; 4: e388.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline20. Plavina, T, Muralidharan, KK, Kuesters, G, et al. Reversibility of the effects of natalizumab on peripheral immune cell dynamics in MS patients. Neurology 2017; 89: 1584–1593.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline21. van Kempen, ZL, Leurs, CE, Witte, BI, et al. The majority of natalizumab-treated MS patients have high natalizumab concentrations at time of re-dosing. Mult Scler 2018; 24: 805–810.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI22. Zhovtis Ryerson, L, Li, X, Goldberg, JD, et al. Pharmacodynamics of natalizumab extended interval dosing in MS. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2020; 7(2): e672.
Google Scholar | Crossref23. Ghezzi, A, Comi, G, Grimaldi, LM, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of natalizumab in pediatric patients with RRMS. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2019; 6(5): e591.
Google Scholar | Crossref24. van Kempen, ZLE, Hoogervorst, ELJ, Wattjes, MP, et al. Personalized extended interval dosing of natalizumab in MS: A prospective multicenter trial. Neurology 2020; 95: e745-e54.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline25. Gibiansky, E, Petry, C, Mercier, F, et al. Ocrelizumab in relapsing and primary progressive multiple sclerosis: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses of OPERA I, OPERA II and ORATORIO. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 87: 2511–2520.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline26. Kletzl, H, Gibiansky, E, Petry, C, et al. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and exposure-response analyses of ocrelizumab in patients with multiple sclerosis. In: Presented at AAN annual meeting, South San Francisco, CA, .
Google Scholar27. Baker, D, Pryce, G, James, LK, et al. The ocrelizumab phase II extension trial suggests the potential to improve the risk: Benefit balance in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 44: 102279.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline28. Ryerson, LZ, Foley, J, Chang, I, et al. Risk of natalizumab-associated PML in patients with MS is reduced with extended interval dosing. Neurology 2019; 93: e1452–e1462.
Google Scholar | Medline29. Bomprezzi, R, Pawate, S. Extended interval dosing of natalizumab: A two-center, 7-year experience. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2014; 7(5): 227–231.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI30. Clerico, M, De Mercanti, SF, Signori, A, et al. Extending the interval of natalizumab dosing: Is efficacy preserved? Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17(1): 200–207.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline31. Yamout, BI, Sahraian, MA, Ayoubi, NE, et al. Efficacy and safety of natalizumab extended interval dosing. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018; 24: 113–116.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline32. De Mercanti, SF, Signori, A, Cordioli, C, et al. MRI activity and extended interval of natalizumab dosing regimen: A multicentre Italian study. J Neurol Sci 2021; 424: 117385.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline33. Riancho, J, Setien, S, Sanchez de la Torre, JR, et al. Does extended interval dosing natalizumab preserve effectiveness in multiple sclerosis? A 7 year-retrospective observational study. Front Immunol 2021; 12: 614715.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline34. Zhovtis Ryerson, L, Frohman, TC, Foley, J, et al. Extended interval dosing of natalizumab in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2016; 87: 885–889.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI35. Chisari, CG, Grimaldi, LM, Salemi, G, et al. Clinical effectiveness of different natalizumab interval dosing schedules in a large Italian population of patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020; 91(12): 1297–1303.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline36. Zecca, C, Bovis, F, Novi, G, et al. Treatment of multiple sclerosis with rituximab: A multicentric Italian-Swiss experience. Mult Scler 2020; 26(12): 1519–1531.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI37. Disanto, G, Ripellino, P, Riccitelli, GC, et al. De-escalating rituximab dose results in stability of clinical, radiological, and serum neurofilament levels in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2021; 27: 1230–1239.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI38. Novi, G, Bovis, F, Fabbri, S, et al. Tailoring B cell depletion therapy in MS according to memory B cell monitoring. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2020; 7(5): e845.
Google Scholar | Crossref39. Barun, B, Gabelic, T, Adamec, I, et al. Influence of delaying ocrelizumab dosing in multiple sclerosis due to COVID-19 pandemics on clinical and laboratory effectiveness. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 48: 102704.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline40. Tazza, F, Lapucci, C, Cellerino, M, et al. Personalizing ocrelizumab treatment in multiple sclerosis: What can we learn from Sars-Cov2 pandemic? J Neurol Sci 2021; 427: 117501.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline41. van Lierop, ZY, Toorop, AA, van Ballegoij, WJ, et al. Personalized B-cell tailored dosing of ocrelizumab in patients with multiple sclerosis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mult Scler. Epub ahead of print 9 July 2021. DOI: 10.1177/13524585211028833.
Google Scholar | Crossref42. Rolfes, L, Pawlitzki, M, Pfeuffer, S, et al. Ocrelizumab extended interval dosing in multiple sclerosis in times of COVID-19. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2021; 8(5): e1035.
Google Scholar | Crossref43. Bar-Or, A, Calkwood, JC, Chognot, C, et al. Effect of ocrelizumab on vaccine responses in patients with multiple sclerosis: The VELOCE study. Neurology 2020; 95: e1999–e2008.
Google Scholar | Crossref44. Oksbjerg, NR, Nielsen, SD, Blinkenberg, M, et al. Anti-CD20 antibody therapy and risk of infection in patients with demyelinating diseases. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 52: 102988.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline45. Boremalm, M, Sundstrom, P, Salzer, J. Discontinuation and dose reduction of rituximab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2021; 268: 2161–2168.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline46. Simpson-Yap, S, De Brouwer, E, Kalincik, T. Associations of DMT therapies with COVID-19 severity in multiple sclerosis. Preprint 2021, https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.08.21251316v1.full.pdf
Google Scholar | Crossref47. Achiron, A, Mandel, M, Dreyer-Alster, S, et al. Humoral immune response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2021; 14: 17562864211012835.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI48. Rudick, RA, Stuart, WH, Calabresi, PA, et al. Natalizumab plus interferon beta-1a for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 911–23
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline49. de Flon, P, Gunnarsson, M, Laurell, K, et al. Reduced inflammation in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis after therapy switch to rituximab. Neurology 2016; 87: 141–7
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline50. Maarouf, A, Rico, A, Boutiere, C, et al. Extending rituximab dosing intervals in patients with MS during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond? Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm