The Hedgehog pathway and its inhibitors: emerging therapeutic approaches for basal cell carcinoma

Elsevier

Available online 9 December 2021

Drug Discovery TodayHighlights•

Hedgehog pathway inhibitors are the potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma.

The efficacy of the existing treatment can be improved by advanced drug delivery.

Combined therapeutic approaches would be needed to overcome the drug resistance in BCC.

Abstract

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Although surgery is the first-line treatment, BCC can lead in some cases, to a metastatic or advanced form, requiring targeted combination therapies. The Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway is the major pathway associated with the formation of basal carcinoma tumorigenesis, thus, targeting this is a promising therapeutic approach. Some Hh inhibitors have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), such as vismodegib and sonidegib. However, both of these showed limited effectiveness against resistant tumors. Therefore, an essential understanding of the mechanisms involved in the Hh signaling pathway is necessary to improve tumor inhibition.

Keywords

basal cell carcinoma

Hedgehog pathway inhibitors

combinational drug delivery

nanotechnology

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