Akiskal HS, Bourgeois ML, Angst J, Post R, Moller H, Hirschfeld R. Re-evaluating the prevalence of and diagnostic composition within the broad clinical spectrum of bipolar disorders. J Affect Disord. 2000;59(Suppl 1):S5–30.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Arvilommi P, Suominen K, Mantere O, Leppamaki S, Valtonen H, Isometsa E. Predictors of adherence to psychopharmacological and psychosocial treatment in bipolar I or II disorders—an 18-month prospective study. J Affect Disord. 2014;155:110–7.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brakemeier EL, Luborzewski A, Danker-Hopfe H, Kathmann N, Bajbouj M. Positive predictors for antidepressive response to prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). J Psychiatr Res. 2007;41(5):395–403.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brown WA. Treatment response in melancholia. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 2007;115(433):125–9.

Google Scholar 

Cao X, Deng C, Su X, Guo Y. Response and remission rates following high-frequency vs. low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over right DLPFC for treating major depressive disorder (MDD): a meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind trials. Front Psychiatry. 2018;9:413.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen J, Zhou C, Wu B, Wang Y, Li Q, Wei Y, et al. Left versus right repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in treating major depression: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Psychiatry Res. 2013;210(3):1260–4.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

De Fruyt J, Deschepper E, Audenaert K, Constant E, Floris M, Pitchot W, et al. Second generation antipsychotics in the treatment of bipolar depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychopharmacol. 2012;26(5):603–17.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dell’osso B, Altamura AC. Augmentative transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) combined with brain navigation in drug-resistant rapid cycling bipolar depression: a case report of acute and maintenance efficacy. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2009;10(42):673–6.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dell’Osso B, Mundo E, D’Urso N, Pozzoli S, Buoli M, Ciabatti M, et al. Augmentative repetitive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in drug-resistant bipolar depression. Bipolar Disord. 2009;11(1):76–81.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dell’Osso B, Oldani L, Camuri G, Dobrea C, Cremaschi L, Benatti B, et al. Augmentative repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the acute treatment of poor responder depressed patients: a comparison study between high and low frequency stimulation. Eur Psychiatry. 2015;30(2):271–6.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Eche J, Mondino M, Haesebaert F, Saoud M, Poulet E, Brunelin J. Low- vs high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as an add-on treatment for refractory depression. Front Psychiatry. 2012;3:13.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fava M, Rush AJ, Alpert J. Difference in treatment outcome in outpatients with anxious versus nonanxious depres sion: a STAR*D report. Am J Psychiatry. 2008;165:342–51.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fela-Thomas AL, Olotu OS, Esan O. Risk of manic switch with antidepressants use in patients with bipolar disorder in a Nigerian neuropsychiatric hospital. S Afr J Psychiatr. 2018;24(1):1–6.

Google Scholar 

Fitzgerald PB, Huntsman S, Gunewardene R, Kulkarni J, Daskalakis ZJ. A randomized trial of low-frequency right-prefrontal-cortex transcranial magnetic stimulation as augmentation in treatment-resistant major depression. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2006;9(6):655–66.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fitzgerald PB, Hoy KE, Anderson RJ, Daskalakis ZJ. A study of the pattern of response to rTMS treatment in depression. Depress Anxiety. 2016;33(8):746–53.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gaudiano BA, Dalrymple KL, Zimmerman M. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of psychotic versus nonpsychotic major depression in a general psychiatric outpatient clinic. Depress Anxiety. 2009;26(1):54–64.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Geddes JR, Calabrese JR, Goodwin GM. Lamotrigine for treatment of bipolar depression: independent meta-analysis and meta-regression of individual patient data from five randomised trials. Br J Psychiatry. 2009;194(1):4–9.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Goldstein TR, Ha W, Axelson DA, Goldstein BI, Liao F, Gill MK, et al. Predictors of prospectively examined suicide attempts among youth with bipolar disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012;69(11):1113–22.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Guy W. ECDEU assessment manual for psychopharmacology. Rockville: U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, National Institute of Mental Health, Psychopharmacology Research Branch, Division of Extramural Research Programs; 1976.

Hamilton M. The assessment of anxiety states by rating. Br J Med Psychol. 1958;32:50–5.

Google Scholar 

Harel EV, Zangen A, Roth Y, Reti I, Braw Y, Levkovitz Y. H-coil repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of bipolar depression: an add-on, safety and feasibility study. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2011;12(2):119–26.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hu SH, Lai JB, Xu DR, Qi HL, Peterson BS, Bao AM, et al. Efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation with quetiapine in treating bipolar II depression: a randomized, double-blinded, control study. Sci Rep. 2016;6:30537.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Judd LL, Akiskal HS, Schettler PJ, Endicott J, Leon AC, Solomon DA, et al. Psychosocial disability in the course of bipolar I and II disorders: a prospective, comparative, longitudinal study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62(12):1322–30.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kaur M, Michael JA, Fitzgibbon BM, Hoy KE, Fitzgerald PB. Low-frequency rTMS is better tolerated than high-frequency rTMS in healthy people: empirical evidence from a single session study. J Psychiatr Res. 2019;113:79–82.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kazemi R, Rostami R, Khomami S, Horacek J, Brunovsky M, Novak T, et al. Electrophysiological correlates of bilateral and unilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with bipolar depression. Psychiatry Res. 2016;240:364–75.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kessler RC, Demler O, Frank RG, Olfson M, Pincus HA, Walters EE, et al. Prevalence and treatment of mental disorders, 1990 to 2003. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(24):2515–23.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Melhem NM, Porta G, Oquendo MA, Zelazny J, Keilp JG, Iyengar S, et al. Severity and variability of depression symptoms predicting suicide attempt in high-risk individuals. JAMA Psychiatry. 2019;76(6):603–13.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Merikangas KR, Akiskal HS, Angst J, Greenberg PE, Hirschfeld RM, Petukhova M, et al. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorder in the national comorbidity survey replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007;64(5):543–52.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Montes JM, Maurino J, de Dios C, Medina E. Suboptimal treatment adherence in bipolar disorder: impact on clinical outcomes and functioning. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2013;7:89–94.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Montgomery SA, Asberg M. A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. Br J Psychiatry. 1979;134:382–9.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Neuronetics I. FDA Grants NeuroStar® advanced therapy system breakthrough device designation to treat bipolar depression ir.neuronetics.com. 2020. http://ir.neuronetics.com/news-releases/news-release-details/fda-grants-neurostarr-advanced-therapy-system-breakthrough/.

Pallanti S, Grassi G, Antonini S, Quercioli L, Salvadori E, Hollander E. rTMS in resistant mixed states: an exploratory study. J Affect Disord. 2014;157:66–71.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Poleszczyk A, Rakowicz M, Parnowski T, Antczak J, Swiecicki L. Are there clinical and neurophysiologic predictive factors for a positive response to HF-rTMS in patients with treatment-resistant depression? Psychiatry Res. 2018;264:175–81.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Richieri R, Guedj E, Michel P, Loundou A, Auquier P, Lancon C, et al. Maintenance transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces depression relapse: a propensity-adjusted analysis. J Affect Disord. 2013;151(1):129–35.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Saghafi R, Brown C, Butters MA, Cyranowski J, Dew MA, Frank E, et al. Predicting 6-week treatment response to escitalopram pharmacotherapy in late-life major depressive disorder. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2007;22(11):1141–6.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sidor MM, Macqueen GM. Antidepressants for the acute treatment of bipolar depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011;72(2):156–67.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

So E, Kam I, Leung CM, Chung D, Liu Z, Fong S. The Chinese–bilingual SCID-I/P project: stage 1—reliability for mood disorders and schizophrenia. Hong Kong J Psychiatry. 2003;13:7–18.

Google Scholar 

Sun W, Mao W, Meng X, Wang D, Qiao L, Tao W, et al. Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of refractory partial epilepsy: a controlled clinical study. Epilepsia. 2012;53(10):1782–9.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Theodore WH, Hunter K, Chen R, Vega-Bermudez F, Boroojerdi B, Reeves-Tyer P, et al. Transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of seizures: a controlled study. Neurology. 2002;59(4):560–2.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Trevizol AP, Downar J, Vila-Rodriguez F, Thorpe KE, Daskalakis ZJ, Blumberger DM. Predictors of remission after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of major depressive disorder: an analysis from the randomised non-inferiority THREE-D trial. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;22:100349.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Viktorin A, Lichtenstein P, Thase ME, Larsson H, Lundholm C, Magnusson PK, et al. The risk of switch to mania in patients with bipolar disorder during treatment with an antidepressant alone and in combination with a mood stabilizer. Am J Psychiatry. 2014;171(10):1067–73.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yatham LN, Kennedy SH, Parikh SV, Schaffer A, Beaulieu S, Alda M, et al. Canadian network for mood and anxiety treatments (CANMAT) and international society for bipolar disorders (ISBD) collaborative update of CANMAT guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder: update 2013. Bipolar Disord. 2013;15(1):1–44.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Young RC, Biggs JT, Ziegler VE, Meyer DA. A rating scale for mania: reliability, validity and sensitivity. Br J Psychiatry. 1978;133:429–35.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zarate CA Jr, Tohen M, Land M, Cavanagh S. Functional impairment and cognition in bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Q. 2000;71(4):309–29.

Google Scholar