Structural image 1 Burton et al., 200211 DLB:25 (18); AD:30 (14); HC:25 (13) DLB (75.4 ± 6.8); AD (78.1 ± 5.3); HC (76.2 ± 4.7)

(Disease, mo)

DLB (38.4 ± 18.3); AD (43.5 ± 26.1); HC (NA)

NA DLB (13.3 ± 7.6)*; AD (16.4 ± 4.3)*; HC (28.1 ± 1.5) NA NA NA

DLB (McKeith et al., 1996);

AD (McKhann et al., 1984)

2 Brenneis et al., 2004127 DLB:10 (6); AD:10 (3); HC:10 (6) DLB (70.0 ± 5.6); AD (73.1 ± 7.6); HC (65.1 ± 8.1) NA NA

DLB (21.2 ± 3.9)*;

AD (17.4 ± 7.9)*;

HC (28.8 ± 1.6)

NA NA NA

DLB (McKeith et al., 1996);

AD (McKhann et al., 1984)

3 Ishii et al., 200755 mild DLB:20 (9); mild AD:20 (7); HC:20 (5) DLB (74.5 ± 4.9); AD (74.1 ± 3.3); HC (72.9 ± 3.3) NA NA

mild DLB (24.0 ± 2.2)*;

mild AD (24.0 ± 2.2)*;

HC (29.8 ± 0.6)

NA NA NA

DLB (McKeith et al., 1996);

AD (McKhann et al., 1984)

4 Sanchez-Castaneda et al., 2009128 DLB:12 (8); HC:16 (8) DLB (71.1 ± 10.8); HC (71.8 ± 7.6)

(Parkinsonism, mo)

DLB (32.6 ± 16.1);

HC (NA)

DLB (11 ± 6); HC (7.7 ± 6.5)

DLB (19 ± 6.2)*;

HC (28.6 ± 2)

DLB (27.3 ± 11);

HC (NA)

DLB (2.8 ± 0.6);

HC (NA)

DLB

(471.4 ± 439.5);

HC (NA)

DLB (McKeith et al., 2005); 5 Takahashi et al., 2010129 DLB:43 (17); AD:51 (20); HC:40 (20) DLB (72.7 ± 4.5); AD (72.6 ± 2.9); HC (72.0 ± 3.8) NA NA

DLB (19.0 ± 3.5)*;

AD (18.7 ± 4.0)*;

HC (29.6 ± 0.8)

NA NA NA

DLB (McKeith et al., 1996);

AD (McKhann et al., 1984)

6 Watson et al., 201212 DLB:35 (8); AD:36 (15); HC:35 (15) DLB (78.4 ± 6.9); AD (78.3 ± 5.8); HC (76.7 ± 5.2)

(Dementia, mo)

DLB (41 ± 21)*; AD (53 ± 27)

DLB (10.8 ± 2.6); AD (11.1 ± 3.5); HC (11.7 ± 2.6)

DLB (20.3 ± 5.3)*;

AD (19.5 ± 4.4)*;

HC (29.1 ± 1.0)

DLB (26.0 ± 10.7)*†;

AD (5.4 ± 4.3);

HC (2.0 ± 1.9)

NA NA

DLB (McKeith et al., 1996, 2005);

AD (McKhann et al., 1984)

7 Borroni et al., 2015130 DLB:13 (7); HC:10 (3); DLB (74.2 ± 5.2); HC (62.2 ± 8.0);

(Diagnosis, years)

DLB (4.2 ± 2.6);

HC (NA);

HC (8.2 ± 3.5); DLB (6.3 ± 3.5);

DLB (20.31 ± 6.05);

HC (NA);

DLB (20.1 ± 8.6)*;

HC (0.0);

NA

DLB

(279.6 ± 224.6);

HC (NA);

DLB (McKeith et al., 2005); 8 Blanc et al., 2016131 Pro-DLB:28 (12); Pro-AD:27 (20); HC:33 (15) Pro-DLB (67.5 ± 9.2); Pro-AD (69.3 ± 7.8); HC (72.4 ± 10.4) NA NA

Pro-DLB (27.6 ± 2.1);*

Pro-AD (26.9 ± 1.9)*;

HC (29.4 ± 0.9)

NA NA NA

pro-AD (Dubois et al., 2007);

Pro-DLB (McKeith et al., 2005) (Petersen et al., 2004) (Donaghy et al., 2014)

9 Heitz et al., 2016132 DLB:33 (16); AD:15 (8); HC:16 (7) DLB (68 ± 8.4); AD (70.9 ± 11.1); HC (68.3 ± 10.5)

(Disease, year)

DLB (4.6 ± 4.2);

AD (3.6 ± 1.8);

HC (NA)

DLB (12.4 ± 3.2); AD (13.5 ± 3.6); HC (11.9 ± 3.2)

DLB (27.2 ± 1.8)*;

AD (27 ± 2.6)*;

HC (29.3 ± 0.9)

NA NA NA

DLB (McKeith et al., 2005);

AD (Dubois B, 2007)

10 Peraza et al., 2016133 DLB:19 (13); AD:18 (15); HC:16 (13); DLB (76.32 ± 6.45); AD (75.39 ± 8.6); HC (76.75 ± 5.93)

(Diagnosis, years)

DLB (1.0 ± 0.6)†;

AD (1.65 ± 0.8); HC (NA)

NA

DLB (23.05 ± 4.13)*;

AD (21.83 ± 3.8)*;

HC (29.1 ± 0.88);

DLB (14.95 ± 5.47)*†;

AD (1.56 ± 1.68);

HC (1.44 ± 1.93)

NA NA

DLB (McKeith et al., 2005);

AD (McKhann et al., 1984)

11 Roquet et al., 2017134 Pro-DLB:54 (23); mild DLB:15 (8); Pro-AD:16 (11); mild AD:28 (9); HC:22 (10) Pro-DLB:(69.3 ± 9.0); mild DLB:(74.3 ± 10.4)*; Pro-AD:(75.3 ± 9.2)*; mild AD:(74.1 ± 8.8); HC:(65.6 ± 9.2) NA NA

Pro-DLB: (27.6 ± 1.4)*;

Mild DLB:(20.7 ± 3.4)*; Pro-AD:(27.1 ± 1.4)*;

Mild AD:(19.3 ± 3.3)*;

HC:(29.0 ± 1.0)

NA NA NA

pro-AD (Dubois et al., 2007);

DLB (McKeith et al., 2005);

Pro-DLB (McKeith et al., 2005) (Petersen et al., 2004).

12 Nemoto et al., 2021135

DLB:101 (51);

AD:69 (33); HC:38 (10)

DLB (73.25 ± 8.05); AD (71.58 ± 6.33); HC (71.03 ± 6.28) NA NA DLB (22.21 ± 4.86)*; AD (21.32 ± 3.95)*; HC (28.21 ± 1.26) NA NA NA

DLB (DSM−5);

AD (DSM−5)

Functional imaging PET 1 Imamura et al., 1997109 DLB:19 (5); AD:19 (5) DLB (72.6 ± 4.8); AD (72.8 ± 5.6)

(Cognitive, mo):

DLB (24.2 ± 13.7); AD (24.1 ± 13.8)

NA

DLB (17.7 ± 4.1);

AD (18.4 ± 4.1)

NA NA NA

DLB (McKeith et al., 1996);

AD (McKhann et al., 1984)

2 Ishii et al., 200755 mild DLB:20 (9); mild AD:20 (7); HC:20 (5) DLB (74.5 ± 4.9); AD (74.1 ± 3.3); HC (72.9 ± 3.3) NA NA

mild DLB (24.0 ± 2.2)*;

mild AD (24.0 ± 2.2)*;

HC (29.8 ± 0.6)

NA NA NA

DLB (McKeith et al., 1996);

AD (McKhann et al., 1984)

3 Perneczky et al., 2007136 DLB:21 (11); HC:16 (7) DLB (71.1 ± 4.4); HC (67.88 ± 10.0)

(Disease, years):

DLB (3.4 ± 2.1);

HC (NA)

DLB (10.4 ± 2.3); HC (11.69 ± 4.0)

DLB (20.8 ± 4.8)*;

HC (30 ± 0.0)

DLB (30.4 ± 15.6);

HC (NA)

NA NA

DLB (McKeith et al., 1996);

AD (McKhann et al., 1984)

4 Yong et al., 2007137 DLB:7 (3); HC:15 (6); DLB (74.3 ± 6.9)*; HC (65.3 ± 5.6);

(Disease, years)

DLB (2.0 ± 0.8);

HC (NA);

(Dementia, years)

DLB (1.9 ± 0.7);

HC (NA)

NA

DLB (27.3 ± 2.1);

HC (NA);

NA

DLB (2.1 ± 1.2);

HC (NA);

NA

DLB (McKeith et al., 2005);

5 Teune et al., 2010138 DLB:6 (NA); HC:18 (NA)

DLB (71 ± 7)*;

HC (56 ± 14)

(Disease, years)

DLB (3 ± 2);

HC (NA)

NA NA NA NA NA DLB (McKeith et al., 2005) 6 Iizuka et al., 2016111 DLB:24 (NA); AD:24 (NA)

Medians (interquartile ranges)

DLB (73 (68, 79));

AD (74 (69, 81))

(Disease, year, Medians (interquartile ranges)) DLB (2.8 (1.8,3.2));

AD (2.3 (1.6,2.6))

Medians (interquartile ranges)

DLB (16 (12,18));

AD (15 (12,18))

Medians(interquartile ranges)

DLB (23 (20.5,24));

AD (23 (21,24.5))

NA NA NA DLB (McKeith et al., 2005); AD (McKhann et al., 1984) 7 Iizuka et al., 2017139 DLB:34 (18); HC:18 (9) DLB (76.9 ± 2.3); HC (77.1 ± 1.3) NA DLB (13.4 ± 1.9); HC (12.8 ± 1.3)

DLB (23.6 ± 2.3)*;

HC (29.3 ± 0.5)

NA NA NA DLB (McKeith et al., 2005) 8 Liu et al., 2017140 DLB:37 (21); HC:5 (NA)

DLB (71.8 ± 9.1);

HC (NA)

NA

DLB (10.3 ± 4.4);

HC (NA)

MMSE:

DLB (16.6 ± 7.4);

HC (NA);

MoCA:

DLB (9.6 ± 7.0);

HC (NA)

DLB (13.9 ± 12.4);

HC (NA)

NA NA DLB (McKeith et al., 2005) 9 Liguori et al., 2019141 DLB:10 (8); HC:35 (19) DLB (69.02 ± 7.71); HC (67.89 ± 4.95)

(Disease, year)

DLB (2.15 ± 1.26); HC (NA)

NA

DLB (23.6 ± 5.20)*;

HC (29.40 ± 1.22)

DLB (15.01 ± 6.45);

HC (NA)

NA NA DLB (McKeith et al., 2017) 10 Iizuka et al., 2020142

DLB:50 (26); AD:50 (24);

HC:50 (25)

DLB (76.9 ± 5.0);

AD (76.3 ± 5.3); HC (77.3 ± 5.4)

NA

DLB (14.5 ± 2.4);

AD (14.3 ± 2.4); HC (14.1 ± 2.5)

DLB (22.0 ± 1.4)*;

AD (21.7 ± 1.8)*; HC (29.6 ± 0.5)

NA NA NA

DLB (McKeith et al., 2017);

AD (McKhann et al., 2011)

SPECT 1 Colloby et al., 200294 DLB:23 (9); AD:48 (21); HC:20 (9)

DLB (75.9 ± 8.6);

AD (77.9 ± 7.0);

HC (75.4 ± 5.1)

NA NA

DLB (16.0 ± 6.1)*;

AD (17.4 ± 5.5)*;

HC (28.5 ± 1.5)

NA NA NA

DLB (McKeith et al., 1996);

AD (McKhann et al., 1984)

2 Firbank et al., 200358 DLB:15 (8); HC:37 (20) DLB (76.1 ± 7.7); HC (75.0 ± 6.7)

(Disease, mo, median (range)):

DLB (23 (2–48));

HC (NA);

(Dementia, mo):

DLB (26 ± 16);

HC (NA)

DLB (15.2 ± 0.6); HC (16.7 ± 2.5)

DLB (18.1 ± 5.1)*;

HC (28.1 ± 1.5)

DLB (26 ± 17);

HC (NA)

NA NA

DLB (McKeith et al.,1996);

AD (McKhann et al., 1984)

3 Takahashi et al., 2010143

DLB:44

(DLB-P:13 (7); DLB-nP:31 (15)); HC:16 (NA)

DLB-P (80.3 ± 4.4); DLB-nP (78.0 ± 7.1) NA NA

DLB-P (18.2 ± 3.5);

DLB-nP (19.9 ± 5.6)

NA NA NA DLB (McKeith et al., 1996) 4 Misch et al., 2014144 DLB:30 (20); HC:30 (20) DLB (72.3 ± 1.7); HC (73.1 ± 1.2)

(Disease, year) DLB (3.7 ± 0.4);

HC (NA)

DLB (14.6 ± 0.7); HC (15.17 ± 0.6) NA NA NA NA DLB (McKeith et al., 2005) 5 Park et al., 201882 DLB:33 (18)*; HC:30 (7) DLB (74.1 ± 4.9)*; HC (68.5 ± 3.6)

(Disease, mo) DLB (24.2 ± 18.0);

HC (NA)

DLB (7.6 ± 4.5); HC (7.1 ± 4.8)

DLB (19.8 ± 4.7);

HC (NA)

NA NA NA DLB (McKeith et al., 2005)