From the Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering (D.P.A., R.G.R.); Department of Surgery (S.R.P.Q., C.C.G.), Clinical Sciences Center; Department of Urology (B.V.L.); and Duane H. and Dorothy M. Bluemke Professor in the College of Engineering (R.G.R.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI; Department of Surgery (L.L.F.), Penn Medicine - University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA; City of Hope National Comprehensive Cancer Center (B.L.M), Duarte, CA.
Correspondence to: Robert G. Radwin, PhD, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI 53706 (e-mail: [email protected]).
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Supported by the Society of Academic Urologists, Grant number MSN205847.
Previous presentations: Azari DP, Miller BL, Le BV., et al. Can surgical performance for varying experience be measured from hand motions? Proc Hum Factors Ergon Soc Annu Meet. 2018;62(1):583–587.
All actions in this study were approved by the University of Wisconsin-Madison Education and Social/Behavioral Sciences Institutional Review Board.
Complementary work develops additional models that rely on similar data, but for different purposes.1,2,33,38,41
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