In the present study, mouse monoclonal anti-MUC2 (ab11197, 1/500 WB and 1/100 IF, Abcam), rabbit monoclonal anti-TFF3 (ab108599, 1/1500 WB, Abcam), mouse monoclonal anti-SI ([53]; HSI-4/34 or Caco-3/73, 1/100 WB), rabbit monoclonal anti-DPPIV or CD26 [EPR20819] (ab215711, 1/2000 WB, Abcam), rabbit monoclonal anti-YAP/TAZ (D24E4, 1/1500 WB, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), rabbit monoclonal anti-YAP (D8H1X, 1/1000 WB, 1/150 IF, Cell Signaling Technology), mouse monoclonal anti-TAZ (M2-616, 1/300 IF, BD Biosciences, NJ, USA) mouse monoclonal anti-CDX2-CD88 (MU392A-UC, 1/700, BioGenex, Freemont, CA, USA), mouse monoclonal anti-HNF1α [F-7] (sc-393925, 1/300 WB, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA), goat polyclonal anti-HNF4α [C-19] (sc-6556, 1/600 WB, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and anti-β-actin (MAB1501, 1/20,000, Millipore, Etobicoke, ON, Canada) were used as primary antibodies. In addition, AlexaFluor 488 or 594 goat anti-mouse (A11017, A11072, 1/400; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Ottawa, ON, Canada) and goat anti-rabbit (A11070, A11072, 1/400), ECL HRP-linked anti-mouse (NA931V, 1/4000, GE Healthcare, Mississauga, ON, Canada) and anti-rabbit (NA934V, 1/4000) and HRP-linked bovine anti-goat (sc-2350, 1/4000, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) were used as secondary antibodies.